中国城市动画产业时空格局及其成因研究

以动画产品为研究对象,利用国家广电总局官方统计数据与新媒体网络数据,对中国城市动画产业发展的时空格局及其成因进行了分析与探讨。首先,从产业规模、产品质量、产品集中度3方面构建动画产业发展评价指标体系,运用熵值法、三角模型法与GIS技术分析中国城市动画产业时空格局,发现：中国动画城市不断增多、发展范围梯度扩散,动画城市多数处于萌芽阶段、整体发展水平较低,动画城市之间差距较大、“二元三核”格局逐渐形成,四大板块差距明显、东中西梯度发展;其次,运用主成分分析和相关分析方法,探讨中国动画产业空间格局成因,结果表明生活质量、包容度、创新精神等内生条件是中国城市动画产业发展的主要影响因素,文化资源、政策支持等外在条件也影响较大。

Spatial-temporal Pattern of Animation Industry and their Causes in China Cities

Taking animation products as the study object, this article aims to analyze the spatial-temporal pattern and the cause of animation industry in China cities by coupling statistical data and big data technology. Firstly, an indicator system for the assessment of animation industry development is established from aspects of industrial scale, product quality and product concentration. The spatial-temporal pattern of animation industry in China cities is then analyzed using the methods of entropy, triangular model and GIS. Results show that: 1) The number of animation cities in China is increasing in past decades; furthermore, distribution of the animation industry was diffused from central cities and provincial capital cites to others. In detail, the former played a key role in leading the development of animation industry in China, while some other prefecture-level and county-level cities followed up. 2) Animation industry in most of the cities is in their initial stage with a relatively lower level. On the other hand, difference in the development of animation industry among these cities is obvious, forming a non-equilibrium pattern of "duality, three core and four plates" across the country. That is, 1) Dual structure development. In other words, according to analysis of quantity, quality, or comprehensive scores of animation production, pattern of dual structure has been found, including high level development in municipality, regional central and provincial capital cities such as Guangzhou, Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Changsha, and low level development in other cities; 2) Three-core development. We found that cities with high-level and high-yielding animation production are densely distributed in three major megalopolises including the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei district. This phenomenon makes the three urban agglomerations become the "platform" of the important animation cities in China; 3) Four plates. The gradient gap is very obvious among the eastern, middle, west and northeastern China. Concretely speaking, animation cities are accumulated in the eastern China, sparse in the central (northeastern) China and rare in the western China. This result indicates a gradient development of animation industry from eastern to western China. The findings are also proved using Thiel index. According to Thiel index analysis, differences of animation production development in Chinese cities are mainly intra-group differences, supplemented by inter-group differences. However, the intra-group differences are shrinking, while inter-group differences are expanding. The spatial pattern of animation industry development was further attributed using principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Results show that external and internal conditions have become the dual driving forces for the development of urban animation industry in China. As key drivers, the internal conditions refer to creativity, innovation and entrepreneurial environment. The external conditions, such as cultural resources and policy support, still have a great impact on the animation industry development. This indicates China's urban animation industry has entered the period of transformational development. Moreover, the internal conditions mainly affect the scale and the concentration of animation industry. Their influence on the quality of animation industry is not yet obvious, instead. Consequently, the internal conditions are not really the main driving force of animation industry in China cities at this stage. This phenomena could be due to the huge difference in economic level, cultural environment and other factors in these cities in China. To some extent, the formation of the "platform" of animation cities in the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin region in China are mirrored in their economic, social level and vitality of these regions.