城市再开发背景下的社区感知——基于内隐联想测验的研究

以广州市永庆坊为例,研究采用内隐联想测验法、问卷以及质性访谈相结合的方法,探究其改造前后社区相关主体的社区感知,旨在探讨社区空间变化背后相关主体的感知态度差异。研究结果揭示了社区感知的外显态度和内隐态度的分离效应,且外显态度表现的差异性强于内隐态度。参与者对永庆坊改造前后的连贯性和积极性存在外显感知态度的显著差异,在内隐态度结果上,参与者对永庆坊改造前后的连贯性和积极性并未存在显著差异。实验结果表明：物质层面的更新并非引起居民等主体对改造热议的根本原因,社区更新重点应关注利益主体对权利、参与权的诉求,关注其利益分配的合理性。诚然,社区改造规划中不仅应重视公众参与和调查,也应深入挖掘社区公众对于社区改造的内隐感知态度,以提高社区规划的效力。研究采用内隐联想测验的神经科学认知方法对景观感知的探讨,以期开拓人文地理学研究方法神经科学转向的新方向。

Sense of Community in the Background of Urban Redevelopment:Research with Implicit Association Test

The redevelopment of inner city has been an important way to remodel the urban current social space in China, which also triggers to the potential negative influence of the community residents while activating the old city and promoting the stable development of the city. Importantly, the redevelopment of inner city has impact on the sense of community of residents and their related subjects. Implicit association test is an important social cognitive method of psychology and has been used in the field of social cognition such as implicit attitude and implicit stereotype. Based on the background of urban redevelopment, taking Yongqing Square in Guangzhou as an example, this study used implicit association test, questionnaires and qualitative interviews to explore the community-related subjects’ sense of community before and after the transformation, and aimed to explore their differences in perceived attitudes. First of all, after the assessment of the questionnaire, the experimental materials used positive words and coherent words as experimental “attribute words” and photographs as “conceptual words” to interpret the participants’ emotional experience visually. Second, questionnaires were used to measure the participants’ explicit perceptions before and after the transformation of Yongqing Square. Implicit association test was used to measure participants’ implicit cognition of community renovation in Yongqing Square. Participants were required to follow the IAT procedural guidelines prepared by the E-prime version 2.0 psychological experiment statistical software to complete the classification test tasks about transformation of Yongqing Square. In addition, this study, through qualitative interview, understood the participants’ views on the redevelopment of Yongqing Square and their experimental experience. The results of the study revealed the separation effect of explicit and implicit attitudes in sense of community, and the difference of explicit attitudes was stronger than that of implicit attitudes. There were significant differences of perceived attitudes in the coherence and positivity of the participants before and after the redevelopment of Yongqing Square in the explicit perception level, and they expressed the affirmation of Yongqing community redevelopment. At the implicit level, participants’ attitudes had no significant difference between the coherence and positivity of the Yongqing Square before and after the redevelopment, which showed a more neutral implicit attitude, indicating that participants believe the transformation of Yongqing Square had little impact on the coherence and enthusiasm of the community. The experimental results showed that the change in the material level was not the real reason why the residents and other subjects were dissatisfied with the transformation. The community renewal should pay more attention to the rights and participation rights of stakeholders, and focus the rationality of the distribution of benefits. Therefore, not only the public participation and investigation should be emphasized in the community transformation planning, but also the implicit perception of the community for the transformation of community should be tapped in order to improve the effectiveness of community planning. Moreover, the article uses the neuroscience cognitive method of implicit association test to study the perception of landscape, which is a new attempt to open up the new direction of neuroscience turn of human geography research methods.