太湖流域全新世气候-海面短期振荡事件及其对新石器文化的影响

太湖流域埋藏古树、泥炭、贝壳堤和新石器文化遗址，＾１４Ｃ年代频率变化揭示了全新世气候－海面波动与文明兴衰的时间耦合关系。本区降水量的明显增加始于８ｋａＢ．Ｐ．、７．５￣４ｋａＢ．Ｐ．总的看为高海面和新石器文化发展时期，但其间有相对的海面波动，即：７￣６．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．为高海面期、６．３￣５．６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．为低海面期、４．５￣４ｋａＢ．Ｐ．为低海面期、３．８￣３．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．为高海面期。从文化断层

Abrupt Shifts in Holocene Climate and Sea-Level on the Taihu Basin and Cultural Implication

Large magnitude of Neolithic cultural sites in the Taihu Plain provided an exceptional media for thestudies of initiation and evolution of human-environment interactions. Neolithic cultures in the region were usedto be believed as continuous and were categorized into three consecutive stages: (1)Majiabang Cultures (7000-6000 a BP),(2)Songze Cultures (6000-5000 a BP) and (3)Liangzhu Cultures (5000 - 4000 a BP). Howev-er, archaeological excavations in the region substantiated that the cultural layers of many Neolithic culture sitesare discontinuous. Moreover, there are number of fossil trees, peat and shell ridges in the region. They couldnot only serve as the evidence for floods and/or lake expansion, but also enact as the indicator of sea-level fluctu-ation. Evidence for changes in precipitation, sea level and rise and fall of Neolithic cultures from them could offerus a temporal framework by which culture response to climate and sea-level oscillations can be assessed. Fossil trees, peat, shell ridges and Neolithic culture sites in the region reveal the temporal connection be-tween Holocene climate and sea-level fluctuations and rise and fall of Neolithic cultures. The warming climatesand increasing rainfall maintain a period of high sea level that span from 7500a BP to 4000a BP approximately.Meanwhile, the Neolithic cultures develop prosperously conditioned by such optimal environments. However,ice-core records show that the Holocene climate is not sustainable stable even in Hypsithermal interval. The cul-tural interruption, fossil trees, peat and shell ridges in the study demonstrate that there are four fluctuation ofthe sea level, that is, 7ka - 6.5kaBP high level period, 6.3ka - 5.6kaBP low level period, 3.8ka - 3.5kaBPhigh level period. On the other hand, the study found that there are at least 9 extreme deluge periods since7kaBP, i.e., 6.5kaBP, 6kaBP, 5.5kaBP, 5kaBP, 4kaBP, 3kaBP, 2.5kaBP, 3rd-6th centuries and 12th-19th centuries. Since 2kaBP interval periods between adjacent deluges have been reduced obviously, which has aclose relation to human activities. The spatial distribution of Neolithic culture sites in the region demonstratesthat sea level or coastline is a main influence on civilization migration. The sites during Majiabang Culturesmainly distribute in relatively high land of western Taihu Plain owing to high seal-level conditioned by warm andhumid climates. The human beings have to migrate towards the west high land for agriculture pursuit because ofthe limited area for human settlement. The sites during Songze Cultures begin to emanate and expanse. Most ofthem are situated in the eastern Taihu Plain and the north bank of the Yangtze River. The declined sea level en-large the area for human settlement, the human beings migrate towards east littoral plain. The sites duringLiangzhu Cultures are mainly located in the western Taihu Plain. The area for human settlement in the northbank of Yangtze River is condensed by the increased sea level.