福建深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区优化调整对策研究

我国自然保护地的建设和发展经历了60余年，仍然存在重叠设置、多头管理、边界不清、权责不明，以及自然保护地保护与当地经济发展矛盾突出等问题，亟须对现有自然保护地管理体制、机制进行改革，建立自然生态系统保护的新体制、新机制。因此现有自然保护地体系优化调整理论和技术方法研究成为近期生态环境保护研究的热点和重点。文章剖析了福建深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区存在的问题。提出自然保护区的优化调整对策，包括：厘清自然保护区与地质公园的关系；逐步解决历史遗留问题；妥善处理自然保护区与海水养殖之间的矛盾；优化自然保护区向陆一侧边界线；对自然保护区实行分区管控政策等。调整后的深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区面积为24.66 km2,比原自然保护区面积减少1.17 km2。其中：核心保护区面积为7 km2，一般控制区面积为17.66 km2。为编制深沪湾海底古森林遗迹自然保护区优化调整方案和历史遗迹自然保护区管理提供参考。

Study on Optimization and Adjustment Countermeasures of Relics Nature Reserve of the Ancient Submarine Forest in Shenhu Bay,Fujian Province

The construction and development of nature reserves in China has been initiated more than 60 years ago,but there are still some problems such as spatial overlapping setting,multi-channel management,ambiguous boundaries,vague rights and responsibilities,and prominent contradictions and conflicts between the protection of nature reserves and local economic development.It is urgent to reform the existing management system and mechanism of nature reserves and establish a new system and mechanism for the protection of natural ecosystems.Therefore,optimization and adjustment theory and technical methods of the existing nature reserve system have become the hot spot and focus of ecological environmental protection research recently. This paper analyzed the problems existing in relics nature reserve of the ancient submarine forest in Shenhu Bay,Fujian Province,and put forward countermeasures for optimizing and adjusting nature reserves.These included clarifying the relationship between nature reserves and the geological park,gradually solving long standing problems,properly handling the contradictions between nature reserves and marine aquaculture,optimizing the boundary line of nature reserves to the land side,and implementing zoning management and control policies,etc.As the result of adjustment,the area of relics nature reserve of the ancient submarine forest in Shenhu Bay is 24.66 square kilometers,which is 1.17 square kilometers less than that of the original nature reserve,and the core reserve is 7.00 square kilometers,and the general control area is 17.66 square kilometers.The results will provide a reference for the optimization and adjustment of relic nature reserve of undersea ancient forest in Shenhu Bay and the management of relic nature reserves.