沉积盆地动力学与盆地流体成矿

沉积盆地实际上是地球动力学系统中一个巨大的动态化学反应器，其所处的地球动力学背景制约着它的边界条件、外部环境及其与外部环境的物质和能量交换。盆地内则是一个由固体无机，有机沉积物颗粒和盆地流体组成的多相反应体系，包括各种流-岩-烃及流-流反应、与有机质成熟演化有关的各种有机反应、在浅部还有细菌参与的生物化学反应。体系的上部边界不断有新沉积物颗粒和流体的加入，下部则有来自基底的流体或来自盆地边缘大气降水的加入循环，同时还有盆地的构造沉降和基底热能的交换，以及可能岩浆物质，能量的加入。沉积物的固结成岩和后生变化，以及其中储存的油气和金属矿床都是这个巨型化学反应器的一部分(并非全部)产物。因此，只有站在盆地动力学的高度，才可能从整体上去认识这些共存的复杂因素和作用过程的耦合关系，才可能从本质上理解有关矿床的形成机理和产出规律。

Dynamics of Sedimentary Basins and Basin-Fluid Related Ore-Forming

Sedimentary basin could be considered as a huge chemical reactor in the geodynamic framework that constrains boundary condition and environment of the basin as well as material/energy transfer with its environment. Sedimentary column in the basin is a complex system containing solid inorganic/organic sediments and fluids that are always in strong complex interaction, including organic/inorganic fluid rock hydrocarbon interaction, or even biochemical reaction with bacteria in the upper part of the sedimenatry column. It continuously receives new sediments and water from the overlying water column, fluids from underlying basement, penetrating meteoric water from uplifting basin margin, and in case magmatic materials as well. There is continuous thermal energy transfer between basin and its basement. All these processes constitute a very important part of dynamic evolution of sedimentary basins. In the present paper, basin fluids are refereed to extremely complex aqueous/organic solutions that have been very active in all the diagenetic epigenetic processes of sediments during evolution of sedimentary basins superimposed upon continental basement. Basin fluids make very important contribution to diagenetic epigenetic processes of sediments, and ware responsible for oil gas production and ore formation in sedimentary basins. The purpose of our discussion is to understand all these processes in the dynamic framework of basin evolution.