历史文化街区游客的地方感特征——以广州荔枝湾涌为例

近年来历史文化街区成为中国城市旅游的热点，但其过于商业化的发展模式也受到普遍质疑。文章以广州荔枝湾涌为例，采用问卷调查，分别从景观环境、社会人文、旅游功能和地方依恋等4个维度对游客的地方感特征进行了分析，发现随着年龄的增长，文化水平的提高，游客更为关注景区的社会人文环境和景区给予的情感体验；逗留时间越长，对景区环境的评价更低；随着客源地距离的增加，游客的地方依恋逐渐下降。进而指出环境质量的提升使游客对荔枝湾涌的风景与环境有了较高的感知与认同，在对历史文化、景区特色及旅游秩序满意的同时，也表现出了对文化遗产保护效果、景区的商业及其他配套服务功能的失望。进一步提出历史文化街区的旅游发展，应充分挖掘和展示地方独特的文化特质，加强地方性营造，完善配套设施，合理确定旅游市场定位，挖掘旅游发展潜力。在传承城市历史文化的同时，增强城市历史文化旅游的特色和持续吸引力。

Sense of Place of the Tourists to Historical and Cultural Blocks: A Case Study of the Lizhiwan Stream,Guangzhou

In recent years, as a witness of the urban development, historical and cultural block has become a popular urban tourist attraction. However, it has also received numerous critiques due to its commercialized, artificial and standardized development model. Taking the Lizhiwan Stream in historic and cultural blocks of Guangzhou as example, this paper analyzed the features of the tourists’ sense of place from four dimensions, including landscape environment, social humanity, tourist function and local attachment with a quantitative research method. The results showed that with the increase of age and education level, tourists were more sensitive to the social humanistic environment and emotional experience which were given by the scenic region; with the increase of the time they stayed in the blocks, tourists demonstrated low evaluation on the environment of the scenic region; and with the increase of the distance between origin and destination of trip, the tourists’ place attachment reduced. When the environment quality was improved, visitors were more satisfied with the scenery and landscape of the stream，and spoke highly of history and culture， characteristics of the scenic region as well as public order， however, at the same time they generally demonstrated low evaluation on cultural heritage protection, supporting commerce and facilities. The sense of place of the tourists with different age，culture degree，scenic familiarity and source-market was obviously different. Based on those results, this paper considers that for development of the historical and cultural blocks, the study of the tourists’ sense of place should be strengthened, the unique features of the local culture be fully demonstrated, the supporting facilities be improved, the tourism market position be determined, and the tourist potential with the attempt to inherit the urban history and culture be developed, meanwhile the characteristics and sustainable attractiveness of the urban historical and cultural tourism be enhanced.