储层超压流体系统的成因机制述评

储层超压流体系统的基本要素包括压力封闭层、超压流体、岩石骨架和输导通道；由于储层超压系统所处环境的差异，其超压强度可以大于、等于和小于环境的超压强度；超压传递、不均衡压实、裂解气的生成和浮力作用是储层超压形成的重要机制；大多数储层超压是油气聚集的结果；超压释放是超压流体系统内部油气成藏的必要条件，研究储层超压流体系统将更直接地揭示超压盆地中油气运移和聚集的过程。

REVIEW ON FORMATION MECHANISM OF THE RESERVOIR OVERPRESSURE FLUID SYSTEM

A reservoir overpressure fluid system (ROPFS) is an assembly that constitutes overpressured fluid, its related essential geological elements and their interaction, confined by pressure seal. The essential elements include pressure seal, overpressure fluid, rock matrix, and conduits. Environmental fluid system of a pressure fluid system is the sum of external geological elements and their interaction. The degree of overpressure in reservoirs may be higher or lower than that in their surroundings, or the same, because they are in different environments. Mechanisms capable of generating reservoir overpressure fluid system include overpressure transference, nonequilibrium compaction, fracturing gas generation and buoyancy. Most of reservoir overpressure fluid system results from accumulation of hydrocarbons. Overpressure relief is an essential factor for hydrocarbon accumulation in overpressure fluid system. The study on the reservoir overpressure fluid system can help us to understand directly the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in overpressured petroleum basins.