矿山地质环境风险管理的多目标决策

矿山地质环境风险决策是一个涉及诸多利益群体的多目标决策问题。为了在矿山开发和关闭中有效地控制地质环境风险，我们提出了由风险在可接受水平内、风险控制工程效益达到最大和矿区规划科学合理3个目标组成的多目标决策问题，并采用层次分析法求解该决策问题。最后，将决策过程用于广西凤山城区内某废弃石灰岩矿山，综合设计单位、政府部门和当地群众的意见后，完成了矿山地质环境治理方案的决策。决策结果认为，采用P1（削坡、清理危岩、坡面锚固）、P2（截水+落石平台拦截+监测）、P3（坡面整形+岩壁雕刻+部分生态恢复）和P4（风险教育）的组合是最优治理方案。研究成果不仅有效地指导了该石灰岩矿山的地质环境治理工程，也对发展矿山关闭理论和风险管理具有重要作用。

MINE GEO-ENVIRONMENT RISK MANAGEMENT BASED ON MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MAKING

Mine geo-environment risk decision making is a consultation process to meet multiple objects from multi-stakeholder. In order to control mine risk in the mine life cycles, the decision making was employed to approach three objects which were meeting acceptable risk, getting the most benefit from control engineering and making reasonable plan for mine closure. Then, the hierarchical analysis was applied to multiple criteria decision making in risk management of mine geo-environment. Lastly, the consultation process was used to determine the engineering proposal that control the geo-environment risk of a limestone mine in Fengshan, Guangxi. The process considered some information from multi-stakeholder including design organization, government and local people. It indicates that the optimal engineering proposal has four parts, i.e. P1 with cutting slope, clearing up unstable rock and anchoring; P2 with drainage, rockfall platform and monitoring; P3 with smoothing slope surface, carving and vegetation; P4 with risk education. It is not only a guidance to rebuilt environment of the limestone mine, but also has positive affect to develop mine closure.