集成虚拟森林环境与景观指数计算模型的森林景观格局分析

森林景观格局分析是森林景观优化配置与实施规划的基础。本文以森林资源二类调查数据为基础,采用森林景观定量空间分析方法,在自主开发而成的森林景观可视化系统VisForest支持下,利用VS2008开发平台、ArcEngine组件与OSG图形渲染引擎,集成景观指数计算模型和地理信息系统的分析方法,形成森林景观格局分析与景观三维可视化模拟系统,实现了景观格局分析的定量化和景观可视化;并以闽侯县白沙国有林场2013年的数据为例,按优势树种划分森林景观类型,计算分析了景观组成结构、斑块特征和景观异质性等。结果表明,杉木林、马尾松林、湿地松林、木荷林、非林地是白沙林场的优势景观类型,总体景观类型丰富、景观异质性较高;木荷作为隔离带树种,以小面积狭长斑块居多,其形状指数和分形维数最大,斑块形状复杂而不规则;森林景观的三维可视化模拟为研究景观格局提供了一个直观、交互的展示平台。

Forest Landscape Pattern Analysis Using the Integration of Virtual Forest Environment and Landscape Index Calculation Model

Forest landscape pattern analysis is the basis for the optimization allocation and planning of forest landscape. Based on the data obtained from the second class survey of forest resources, with the integration of the forest landscape quantitative spatial analysis method and the independently-developed forest landscape visualization system software VisForest, a forest landscape pattern analysis and forest landscape 3D visualization simulation system was developed. This system is integrated with the landscape index calculation model and the geographic information system analysis method. The mainframe of the system was coded on Visual Studio 2008 platform with ArcEngine component and OSG graphics rendering engine incorporated, which has realized the quantitative and visual analysis of landscape pattern. Minhou Baisha national forest farm was taken as an example in this study. According to the dominant tree species, the forest landscape was classified and the landscape composition, patch characteristics and landscape heterogeneity etc. were analyzed. The results showed that the Cunninghamia lanceolate forest, Pinus massoniana forest, Pinus elliottii forest, Schima superba forest and the non-forest land are the dominant landscape types in Minhou Baisha national forest farm. The landscape types are generally versatile and the heterogeneity level is relatively high. Moreover, as the median one of all species, Schima superba is scattered majorly in long and narrow patches with small area. Schima superba’s shape index and fractal dimension number are the largest and its patch shape is intricate and irregular. The 3D visualization simulation of forest landscape provides an intuitive and interactive platform to the research of landscape pattern.