从图书出版透视近100年来中国人文地理学发展脉络

本文基于1912-2015年的中国人文地理学出版图书,分析中国人文地理学发展的一些基本脉络,发现：①根据出版总量可划分为1912-1940、1941-1980、1981-2015年3个时期,其中第二个时期著作出版极少;②从出版结构变化来看,在研究期内出版的图书中以政治地理学最为稳定,其他领域均存在明显的波动;③出版的著作具有明显的“基础先行、社会影响、应用助推”阶段性特征;④1981年以来,各分支领域出版的图书平衡增长,其中以历史人文地理、文化地理、旅游地理、GIS在人文地理学中的应用方面增长迅速并与其它学科交叉形成了系列新兴领域,但民族和边疆领域略显弱势;⑤当前中国人文地理学图书出版存在一些结构失衡。基于以上脉络文章讨论了中国人文地理学与科学和社会的关联,认为：①中国人文地理学体现了地理学的跨学科特征,不同分支领域具有与自然科学、社会科学、哲学人文学科不同的交叉倾向,与这些学科交叉形成的新兴领域有望在未来进一步提升中国人文地理学对科学的贡献;②中国人文地理学的发展一直受社会因素的影响,应用研究倾向明显,由此也导致部分领域被弱化及分支领域内研究主题失衡的问题,未来研究在注重社会贡献的同时也当考虑学科内领域间的平衡。

The development process of human geography in China from the perspective of book publication in the over past one hundred years

The survey of the trajectory of Chinese human geography in recent documentation was mainly abstracted from the published journal articles, and confined to the past three decades. Based on the data of book publication since 1912, however, this paper extended the time quantum, and finds that: (1) the research period could be divided into three phases according the total publication number, 1912-1940 (traditional fields slow-growth), 1941-1980 (few publication, and no new fields), 1981-2015 (increase rapidly, and new fields promoted the growth of publication number); (2) to the time stability among different fields, political geography was the most stable one, while the others expressed evident fluctuation; (3) the periodical characters could be expressed as “basis in advance, society influence latish, and applying promoting finally,” “basis in advance” means books on historical, methodological, theoretical, and philosophical issues were published primarily at the first stage, and then kept a certain percentage, “society influence latish” means the social factors had an evident impact on the quantity and quality of publication increasingly, “applying promoting finally” indicates the growth of publication was driven by applied research more and more; (4) growing steadily since 1981, and historical geography, cultural geography, tourism geography and GIS played an important role in publishing and promoting the formation of new cross-disciplinary fields, ethnical geography and frontier geography, however, was delayed; (5) currently, the publication of different fields of human geography in China is unbalanced. According to these trajectories, the paper concludes that: (1) as a typical cross-discipline, different fields in Chinese human geography have different tendencies to natural science, social science and humanities, this orientation is beneficial to enhance Chinese human geography’s role to sciences and humanities; (2) the development of Chinese human geography was deeply affected by social facts, and Chinese geographers have paid more and more attention to applied research, with some fields weakened, and Chinese geographers should pay closer attention to coordinate the proportionality among different fields of Chinese human geography in the future.