山东省旅游城镇化响应的时空分异特征与类型研究

以山东省17地市为研究对象,应用统计分析方法,采用标准差、变异系数、静态不平衡差、相对发展率、离差、比率等指标,研究2001~2014年山东省旅游城镇化响应的时空差异并划分类型,得到如下结论：2001~2009年山东省旅游城镇化响应强度的绝对差异和相对差异不断扩大,2009~2014年不断减小;山东省旅游城镇化响应强度具有较大的空间差异,西部地区旅游城镇化响应强度与中东部之间存在一定差距;日照、泰安、威海为强响应型地区,潍坊、烟台、青岛、济南、莱芜为较强响应型地区,菏泽、聊城、德州、滨州、东营为弱响应型地区,枣庄、济宁、临沂、淄博为特殊响应型地区。

Characteristics and Types of Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Tourism Urbanization Response in Shandong Province

Tourism has gradually become the world’s largest growth industry, being closely related to new urbanization. Through selecting 17 cities in Shandong Province as the research object and applying statistical analysis method, the article analyzed the characteristics and types of spatial-temporal differentiation of tourism urbanization response in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2014, by using measure indexes such as stand deviation, variation coefficient, static unbalance difference, relative development rate, deviation, ratio and so on. Major findings of this research are: the trend of the gradual increase from 2001-2009 and the decline from 2009-2014 in absolute and relative difference, announced the strength of tourism urbanization response in Shandong Province. There was a remarkable spatial differentiation phenomenon in the strength of tourism urbanization response of Shandong Province, which the certain gaps between the western and the mid-eastern region existed. For instance, positive increase of deviation （D_i）and response coefficient ratio (G_i ) values were observed in middle cities such as Tai’an and Zibo and eastern cities such as Weihai and Linyi, whereas negative growth of deviation and ratio were observed in western cities such as Liaocheng and Heze. The certain differences on coefficient increase amplitude of tourism response in Shandong province can be proved by its gradual positive increase in 11 cities including Zibo, Tai’an, Linyi, Jining, Jinan, Weihai etc. And its negative increase in 5 cities including Liaocheng, Heze, Rizhao etc. According to the combination of time series variation and spatial differentiation, the tourism urbanization response strength of 17 cities in Shandong Province can be divided into 4 categories as strong, relatively strong, weak and special response regions. To maintaining an advantage in competition, the strong response regions including Rizhao, Tai’an and Weihai should support tourism infrastructure construction and coordinate the development of urban-rural area under the guidance of government, as to provide the support for tourism development. Targeted at the strong response regions and based on location and resources superiority, the relative strong response regions including Weifang, Yantai, Qingdao, Jinan and Laiwu should optimize the spatial industrial structure and raise the level of urban general planning to promote coordinated development between tourism and city. The weak response regions including Heze, Liaocheng, Dezhou, Binzhou and Dongying should maintain close ties with the strong response regions to promote own economic development, powering the tourism urbanization. As for the special response regions such as Zaozhuang, Jining, Linyi and Zibo, sustainable exploitation of special resources should be emphasized to promote the tourism industry transformation and upgrade.