中国城市网络化空间联系结构——基于银行网点数据的研究

基于当前城市网络和金融地理研究,以全国336个地级以上行政单元(城市)为研究对象,以33家国内外银行的88022个网点各城市间的级别和数量分布为基础数据,运用链锁模型、Zipf法则、社会网络分析等研究方法,对中国市间联系和城市节点的结构特征进行分析。研究表明：京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝和长江中游等五大城镇密集区之间的联系成为这一网络的主干,东西部网络密度以胡焕庸线为界呈现明显差异;城市联通度的规模分布符合Zipf法则,但呈现明显的双分形特征,各城市的节点度同样以胡焕庸线为界在东西部呈现显著差异;此外,国有银行、股份制银行和外资银行所分别对应的城市整体联通度和相对联通度在空间分布上也存在明显差别;上述结构特征同各城市经济规模和人口规模之间存在较强的相关性。从形成机制上看,朝向集中化和均衡化的一般空间政策和行业空间政策对这一网络格局的形成具有深刻影响。

Network spatial connection structure of Chinese cities based on bank branches data

This article analyzes the structural features of China's city network based on bank branches data covering 33 domestic and foreign banks as well as 336 urban administrative regions. The data, which includethe spatial distribution of these branches and their ranks and quantity, are processed using the interlocking world city network (IWCN) model, Zipf law, and social network analysis (SNA). The conclusions are as follows. (1) The connections between five major city agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River) serve as backbones of the network, and a significant difference of network density between eastern and western China as divided by the Hu Line is discovered. (2) The urban size distribution of interlock connectivity conforms to the Zipf law with a double fractal, and the distribution of each city's degree also suggests a significant difference between cities in eastern and western China. (3) The overall and relative interlocking connectivity of the top 50 large cities vary according to the types of banks that include state-owned, joint-stock, and foreign-owned. (4) A relatively strong correlation between connectivity and economic/population size of cities are also found. The structure of this urban network can be interpreted in terms of general spatial policy and industrial spatial policy, in which the interplay between differentiation and equalization shapes the unique and changing pattern of China's interurban bank network.