无锡光伏产业链中的全球-本地联系

以无锡市为例,通过实地调研当地光伏产业链中多晶硅生产、电池元件生产、组件制造、相关设备生产、光伏设备运维服务,以及光伏用户等不同环节,从全球生产网络的视角,考察全球-本地联系在当地光伏产业链形成演化和技术发展动态中的具体表现。结论指出：① 无锡光伏产业在短短10 a之内从“两头在外”的发展模式到形成全产业链竞争优势,体现了新兴技术的全球生产网络技术加速更新和产业快速转移的新特点;② 本地相关产业集群通过技术引进、消化和改进为新技术突破规模化瓶颈,获取市场竞争力打下基础,并由此对全球光伏技术发展的路径产生了关键影响;③ 产业进一步发展需要针对能源转型的长期目标,着重探索能源消费侧的技术转型路径。

Global-Local Linkages in Photovoltaic Industry in Wuxi,China

China’s photovoltaic (PV) industry has experienced rapid growth in recent years, gaining significant competitive advantage in the global market. This article investigated the global-local linkages in the photovoltaic industry in Wuxi, which facilitates the localization of imported technology to achieve economy of scale for production. Various firms along the value chain were interviewed, such as polysilicon producers, cell processers, module assemblers, production equipment suppliers, operation and maintenance service providers, as well as distributed PV users, to characterize the interactions between the global market and local actors. Conclusions point out that: 1) the development of Wuxi photovoltaic industry represents new form of technology transfer and industrial shift in emerging technology, in which the local learning in developing countries has a significant impact on the trajectory of the new technology. 2) The local industrial base enables the upscaling of production, which not only reduces the cost of photovoltaic technology dramatically, but also shapes the technological choice in world PV development. 3) While breaking through the bottleneck of production in the photovoltaic industry, Wuxi is now confronting the regime conflicts between distributed PV generation and traditional energy system. It calls for wider technological transition at the demands side.