世界跨国投资网络结构演化及复杂性研究

基于复杂网络方法,运用GIS、Pajek、Matlab和数据库等技术手段,构建世界跨国投资网络,考察2001~2012年世界跨国投资网络结构及其复杂性的时序演化过程。根据研究可以得出以下主要结论：① 世界跨国投资网络整体遵循“核心-边缘”的圈层结构,结构内部不断变化和重组,呈现由双核主导向多核互联演变,形成资本从西欧、北美、东亚向北欧、南美、西亚、东南亚流动的格局;② 世界投资网络具有显著小世界性质和无标度特征,无标度特征伴随时间的推移趋于弱化;③ 投资活动活跃的国家,对跨国投资网络拥有更强的控制力,但对强化投资的可达性作用不显著,其主要受市场等潜在因素的影响;④ 跨国投资结构的复杂性由高到低依次为中枢型投资地、区域型投资地、一般型投资地、孤立型投资地,不同功能类型的空间分布具有显著的集聚性。

Network Structure Evolution and Spatial Complexity of Global Transnational Investment

Using complex network analysis, this study applied GIS, Pajek, Matlab and database, etc., to build the global transnational investment relationship network, and analyzed the temporal evolution of the spatial structure and network complexity of the global transnational investment network from 2001 to 2012. The results shows: 1) The global transnational investment network is showing a “core-edge” ring structure, whose inner structure is changing and reorganizing. The investment network transformed from dual-core (North America and Western Europe) structure into overlapped and related multi-core (North America, Western Europe, the Caribbean, Eastern Asia and Australia) topological structure, with capital gradually flowing from Western Europe, North America, and Eastern Asia to Northern Europe, South America, West Asia and Southeastern Asia in the macroscopic view. 2) The small-world characteristic of the investment network is prominent. The network is scale-free and shows a decrease overtime. 3) The countries that are active in the investment have higher control of the transnational investment network. The confounding factors influence the spatial reachability of the transnational investment. 4) Ranked by the complexity (dissimilarity) of the transnational investment structure, the result from high to low is terminal invest countries, regional invest countries, normal invest countries and isolated investment countries. Countries with different functional types have a clear trend of clustering.