北京市外来人口集聚型城中村流动人口职住分离研究

居住和就业是居民日常生活的主要内容,随着中国城市化进程加快,城市中低收入群体的职住分离现象正得到越来越多的关注。本文采用人口集聚指数、GIS空间分析及Logit回归分析等方法,利用北京市“六普”及实地调研数据,来获取外来人口集聚型城中村流动人口通勤及职住特征,并对影响因素进行分析。结果表明：①北京流动人口集中于城市拓展区,呈“环状圈层”分布特征。②近郊城中村流动人口通勤距离普遍较长,职住分离较明显,相应通勤时间也较长;远郊城中村流动人口通勤距离较短,以就地工作为主,由于远离城市核心区,公共服务设施的可达性较差。③家庭就业人数、未成年及老人数、住京时长、收入、受教育程度、行业、交通工具选择等对其通勤距离具有显著影响。上述结论可为研究城市弱势群体工作居住空间结构、制定城市规划等提供参考。

Job-housing mismatch of floating population in urban villages of Beijing

Homemaking and work are the most important contents of the daily activities of residents. With the accelerated process of urbanization in China, the separation between jobs and residential location of urban low-income groups is getting increasingly more attention. Based on the population concentration index, GIS spatial analysis, and Logit regression analysis methods, and using Beijing's sixth census data and the urban village survey data collected in 2015, we examined the characteristics of the floating population in commuting and the job-housing path, and analyzed the influencing factors. The analysis results show that the distribution of the floating population in Beijing is concentrated in the urban expanded area, and presents a "ring circle" distribution pattern. The floating population of suburban villages usually has a long commuting distance and an obvious separation of workplace and residence, and the corresponding commuting time is long. The floating population of outer suburban villages has a shorter commuting distance and works near their homes, but these places are far away from the urban core area, and accessibility to public service facilities is poor. The number of employed, young, and old members of household, duration of residence in Beijing, income, education level, profession, and means of transportation have significant impacts on commuting distance. The results can provide a reference for understanding the job-housing space structure of the marginalized population in the city and for urban planning.