城市文化氛围满意度及影响因素

城市文化氛围是影响居民生活质量和城市宜居性的重要要素。本文基于对全国40个重点城市近万份常住居民的城市文化氛围满意度调查数据,采用多层线性模型定量识别影响城市文化氛围满意度的主要因素。结果显示：在城市层级纳入考察的指标中,文化消费层次、文化设施及历史文化积淀对城市文化氛围满意度均有显著正向的影响;个体属性层级中,居民家庭月收入、年龄和职业对城市文化氛围满意度的影响显著,高收入、中等年龄段群体对城市文化氛围的满意度较高,农林牧渔水利生产人员的满意度较低。城市层级和个体层级的交互项结果显示,在人均GDP越高和剧场、影剧院数越多的城市,文化消费层次的多样性越高,高收入阶层对城市文化氛围越满意;与此相反,低收入阶层在人均GDP相对较低的城市满意度更高。

Satisfaction on urban cultural environment and influencing factors

Urban cultural environment plays an important role in promoting residents' quality of life and livability of cities. Favorable cultural atmosphere and rich cultural life will improve residents' health and well-being. Some scholars even argue that urban cultural environment is becoming one of the most valued elements for cultivating creativity and producing high-quality human resources. As a result, urban cultural environment catches attention of both urban geographers and policymakers. However, the increasing body of literature is mostly focused on urban culture from the perspective of "others", and few studies have discussed the issue from the perspective of "mine". Local residents' subjective perception is very important as it is an important factor that influences residential location choice and accordingly may affect a city's innovation capability. This research aimed to enrich the literature by studying the influencing factors of residents' satisfaction on urban cultural environment. The primary subjective data came from a large-scale survey conducted in 2015 in 40 typical cities of China, while the objective data came from statistic yearbooks. The study adopted a group of hierarchical multilevel models to examine the different influences from the city level and personal level. The survey results show that residents in Jinan, Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Beijing exhibit the highest satisfaction level among the 40 cities, while those who live in Sanya, Harbin, Nanchang, Lasa, and Zhengzhou are the least satisfied. The model results show that all the observed objective urban characteristics related with cultural environment, including cultural consumption, cultural facilities, as well as historical and cultural accumulation, show significant and positive effects on residents' satisfaction level. Some of the demographic characteristics of urban residents (monthly income, age, and occupation) exhibit significant impacts on their satisfaction. Residents with higher income are more satisfied with urban cultural environment than low-income people; residents at middle age are more satisfied than the younger and older groups; while people worked in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and water conservancy industry are less satisfied compared to those who work in government offices or companies. Analysis of interaction between urban hierarchy and personal hierarchy shows that high income residents are more satisfied with urban cultural environment in cities with higher per capita GDP and more theaters as there is higher cultural consumption diversity, whereas low-income residents are more satisfied when living in less prosperous cities. This finding is consistent with exiting studies, that is, so-called high-quality human resources prefer abundant and diversified cultural and entertainment consumption. This study may contribute to clarifying the relationship between individual subjective perception and urban characteristics. Also, the results may inform government policies guiding the development of highly livable cities