老年人口健康的空间分异及影响因素研究——以湖北省为例

基于湖北省2010年人口普查和2015年人口抽样调查提供的103个县区的60岁及以上人口的自评健康数据,以老年健康率为地区老年人口健康水平的测度指标,分析了湖北省老年健康水平的时空格局及影响因素。结果表明：湖北省老年健康水平的空间分异显著,老年健康率的高值县区主要是地级市的市辖区,次高值县区主要集中在中部地域,低值县区则广布于省域边缘。湖北省老年健康水平呈现显著的空间正向关联性,但随着空间差异扩大,空间集聚程度呈下降态势。武汉城区及其周边为HH类型县区集聚区,鄂西、鄂东北和鄂东南边缘则是LL类型县区集聚区。总体上看,湖北省老年健康率的热点区域一直稳定地保持在武汉及其邻近县区,冷点区域也较为稳定地集中于鄂西、鄂东北和鄂东南边缘地区。除历史因素外,地区社会经济条件、自然环境因素以及老年人口社会经济特征的县际差异是湖北省老年健康水平空间分异的重要影响因素。该结果对于促进老年人口健康的区际公平发展具有借鉴意义。

Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of health level of the elderly population:A case study of Hubei Province

Based on data of self-assessed health of the elderly aged 60 years or older in 103 counties in Hubei Province from the population census of 2010 and population sampling survey of 2015, and using health rate of elderly (HRE) as indicator for the regional health level of the elderly (HLE), the spatiotemporal distributions and influencing factors of health level of the elderly population in Hubei Province are analyzed. The main results are as follows. The spatial differentiation of HLE is significant—high HRE regions are mainly distributed in urban districts of prefecture-level cities, followed by the central area of the province; and low HRE regions are mainly distributed at the peripheral areas. HLE distribution by county shows a significant positive spatial correlation. However, the degree of spatial agglomeration is falling as spatial difference of HRE increases. As a result, adjacent high HRE-high HRE counties mainly concentrated in Wuhan urban districts and neighboring areas, and adjacent low HRE-low HRE counties are mainly in the western, northeastern, and southeastern border areas of the province. Generally, the hotspot zones of HRE in Hubei Province remained in Wuhan urban districts and surrounding, and the opposite was found in the western, northeast, and southeast. After controlling for the historical factor, regional socioeconomic development level, natural environment factors, and socioeconomic status of elderly determine the regional health level of the elderly population in the province.