海南交通可达性的测度与空间分异格局分析

设定交通可达性指数及交通区位优势度、内部交通连通度和对外通达性3个分指数,全面测度海南各县级行政区的交通可达性,在此基础上,采用Global Moran’s I和Getis-Ord G_i^*指数分析与全局趋势分析方法,从多个维度系统研究海南交通可达性空间分异现状格局。结果显示,目前海南各县级行政区交通可达性差异很明显;海南岛交通可达性总体呈沿海内陆分异与北南方向类似U型分异格局,交通可达性的3个分指标均存在鲜明的空间分异特征,即交通区位优势度与交通可达性总体分异格局基本一致,内部交通连通度呈北部较高、中部内陆到西南沿海较低而东南沿海居中的分异格局,对外通达性呈沿海内陆分异及北南和东西方向双重类似U型分异格局;三沙市是海南一个特殊的沿海地级市,其交通可达性很差。地形地貌、经济发展水平、人口和政治因素对海南交通可达性空间分异产生了明显的影响。推进海南经济发展需要充分利用交通条件进行经济空间布局引导,并逐步增强交通布局的空间均衡性。

The Measurement and Spatial Differentiation Pattern of Traffic Accessibility in Hainan

By constructing traffic accessibility index and three subindices (traffic location advantage, internal transport connectivity and external accessibility), this article makes a comprehensive measurement of the traffic accessibility levels of counties in Hainan Province in PRC (People's Republic of China). With the method of Global Moran’s I index, Getis-Ord Gi^* index and global trend analysis method to find out the current spatial differentiation pattern of traffic accessibility in Hainan from multi-dimensions. The result shows that counties' traffic accessibility shows significant spatial differences. For Hainan, the traffic accessibility is different between coastland and inland, and presents similar U-shaped differentiation pattern in the north-south direction. The three subindices of traffic accessibility are significant spatial difference features, that is: the spatial difference pattern of traffic location advantage is similar to overall differentiation pattern of traffic accessibility; the internal traffic connectivity is relatively high in north coastland, but low from central region of inland to southwest coastland and southeast coastland is in the middle; the external accessibility is different between coastland and inland, and presents double similar u-shaped differentiation characteristics in north-south direction and east-west direction; Sansha, a special coastal city in Hainan, has a rather poor traffic accessibility. Topography, economic development level, population and political factors have significant impacts on the spatial differentiation pattern of traffic accessibility in Hainan. Specifically, the spatial differentiation pattern of Hainan Island's traffic accessibility level, the internal traffic connectivity and the external accessibility are significantly affected by the spatial differentiation pattern of topography, and the spatial differentiation of economic development level and population are closely related to the similar u-shaped pattern in north-south direction of traffic accessibility, and Shashi's poor traffic accessibility is mainly due to the small land area, sparse population and political factors. It is suggested to take full advantage of the traffic conditions to lead economic spatial layout and gradually enhance the traffic layout balance, so as to promote Hainan economic development. First, the construction of road network in the region from central inland to southwest coastland in Hainan Island should be strengthened so as to improve the internal traffic connectivity of this region. Second, the construction of major transportation facilities in the region along the line from Chengmai via Tunchang, Qiongzhong, Wuzhi Mountain to Baoting in Hainan should be strengthened so as to improve the external accessibility of this region. Third, the traffic accessibility of the Sansha should be strengthened, and an important measure that can be implemented at present is to promote the tourism traffic infrastructure construction and tourism transportation route development in Sansha so as to improve the air and sea traffic in Sansha.