Ekman circulation and downwelling in narrow lakes |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, 76230 Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico;2. Departamento de Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Trecer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico;3. Departamento de Investigación, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Hornos N° 1003, Municipio Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, 71230 Oaxaca, Mexico;4. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;1. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia;2. School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia;3. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia;4. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia;5. School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia;6. Australian National Algae Culture Collection, CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;1. Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ. Paris 06-LOCEAN, France;2. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, USA;3. WHOI, Woods Hole, USA;1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, PR China;3. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;4. School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;5. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China;6. School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;1. Université de Bordeaux-CNRS, UMR 5805, Environnement Paléoenvironnement Océaniques et Côtiers (EPOC), 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, 33120 Arcachon, France;2. Ifremer Nantes, Valorisation de l’Information pour la Gestion Intégrée Et la Surveillance (VIGIES), 44311 Cedex 03, Rue de l''Île d''Yeu, 44980 Nantes, France;3. Ifremer, LER/AR, 1 Quai du Commandant Silhouette, 33120 Arcachon, France |
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| Abstract: | An analytical solution is obtained for the wind-driven steady flow developing under the action of the Coriolis acceleration in a closed basin of elongated shape. Different from the traditional Ekman approach, which determines the velocity distribution along a water column given the free surface shear stress and pressure gradient, here the flow field is solved in the whole cross-section considering the lateral transfer of momentum due to the horizontal eddy viscosity. The solution is derived exploiting a perturbation method, whereby the inverse of the Ekman number is assumed small, and imposing a wind aligned with the main axis of the lake. In the central part of the lake a secondary circulation develops producing downwelling along the right hand side (in the northern hemisphere) and upwelling along the opposite side, whose intensity is modulated by the turbulence anisotropy. The modification of the primary flow is considered as well. The solution, which is also compared with numerical results, is obtained for simplified conditions, but the extension to more general cases is discussed. |
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