基于居民通勤行为的私家车对居住空间影响研究——以大连市为例

私家车的出现改变了交通结构,增强了空间可达性,从而影响居住空间的格局和规模。以大连市为例,基于居住-就业之间的通勤行为研究私家车对居住空间扩展的作用,通过居民的社会属性、通勤行为和心理偏好等信息,利用GIS技术进行模拟和分析。结果表明,居民购车情况与居住-就业空间分布情况有一定的相关性。由于城市扩展区居住-就业的不均衡性,通勤不便是城市边缘区居民的主要问题,私家车增强了通勤的便利性,在距城市中心5km以外,私家车随居住空间的扩展而增多,并通过循环与累计效应使城市的整体规模扩大。同时,通过计量模型计算,在1990~2004年,影响居住空间扩展的诸多因子中,私家车的贡献率平均达到2.14%。

Research on private cars&rsquo|influence on residential space based on residents&rsquo|travel behavior: Taking Dalian as an example

The development of transportation system is a major inducing means for urban growth.The increase of the private cars has changed the traffic structure.It has strengthened the space accessibility,and improved the transport capacity.Long distance is never an obstacle,which changes people's house purchasing mind and gradually induces people,commercial centers and related industries to move to the edge of a city and influences the pattern and scale of the residential space.Finally it makes the residential area become larger and broader.Research on private cars' influence on residential space based on residents' travel behavior has expanded the research field in the traffic and land-use relationship from the view of private transport means.This research has important meanings in guiding urban planning which integrates urban residential area with transportation. Taking Dalian as an example,this paper researches the private cars' impact on the residential space based on the residents' travel behavior between jobs and housing.Through survey of private cars' quantity,the residents' travel behavior and the partiality of housing location,the information of residents' social attributes,behavioral space and psychology partiality is acquired.and then simulation and analysis are done using the GIS technology.The result shows,residents' car-purchasing behaviors have certain relevance with jobs-housing spatial distribution situation.Because of the unharmoniousness between jobs and housing in the expansion area,travel inconvenience is the major problem,the long commuting distance and time is the only factor which reduces the residents' evaluation to the urban expansion area.This factor can only be improved through the improvement of the transportation means and traffic routes.The increase of the private cars has strengthened the convenience and swiftness.Five kilometers away from the city centre,the increase of the number of the private cars with the further expansion of the residential space make the whole scale of the city expand through the effect of circular and accumulation.Meanwhile,the statistic software is used to set up geographical model and analyze private cars' impact on the expansion of residential space.The calculation indicates that of the various kinds of influencing factors,private cars' contribution rate reaches 2.14% in average during 1990 to 2004.