新疆沙尘暴源区的气候与荒漠环境变化

根据新疆地区50年来的气候变化以及人类活动的影响,阐述了新疆沙尘暴源区气候与荒漠环境变化。结果表明,新疆地区的气候由暖干向暖湿发展。自20世纪70年代中期以来,暖湿过程非常明显,特别是新疆南疆与北疆的气候变化特点和高山与盆地的气候变化差异以及湖泊水域面积的变化,都明显地反映了干旱区域气候变化的敏感性,并且也反映了新疆区域气候与中国中、东部气候变化的差异性。由于气候的波动变化和人类活动的干扰,使荒漠环境也在不同区域受到不同程度影响,尤其是干旱地区的降水、大气湿润程度和下垫面状况都直接影响着沙尘暴的发生和发展。20世纪80年代后期以来,温度的突变是造成环境恶化、灾害增多的主要原因之一,同时也反映出干旱内陆区是气候变化过程中的敏感反应区。

Climate and Desert Environment Evolution in Sandstorm Source Area of Xinjiang, China

According to the climatic change and the effect of human activities for the past 50 years in Xinjiang of China it was discussed about the climate and desert environment evolution in sandstorm source area of Xinjiang. The result showed that the climate in Xinjiang is changing to warm\|humid from warm\|arid, and this process was very distinct since middle 1970s. Especially, the climate changing characteristics in both north and south Xinjiang, the climate varying differentiation between alp and basin and the change of lake water area all have obviously reflected the sensitivity of climatic change in arid regions; besides they also have reflected the otherness of climatic change between in Xinjing and in middle or east China. The desert environment in Xinjiang suffered from influence at different degree in different regions due to the fluctuating change of climate and the interference of human activity. Especially the precipitation, the atmospheric humidity and the underlying surface situation of arid region directly influence the forming and the developing of sandstorm. Since late 1980s the abrupt change of temperature was one of the main reason for environmental deterioration and disaster increasing. Meantime it was reflected that the inland arid area was the sensitively responded area in the climate changing processes.