贵州关岭县喀斯特峰丛石漠区苔藓群落生态特征

为了了解喀斯特峰丛石漠化区苔藓植物的种类和群落特征,本文选取贵州省安顺市关岭县喀斯特峰丛石漠化区的三种典型生境（裸地、人工植被和自然植被）,对苔藓植物进行样地调查,并利用种间相遇几率（PIE）、生态优势度、Shaanon-Wiener信息指数（衡量生态位宽度）和Morisita-Horn指数（衡量生态位重叠）来分析该区苔藓植物群落的组成、分布规律及生态特征。结果表明：（1）该区苔藓植物共有11科17属22种,真藓科为优势科,苔藓植物群落有19个类型。（2）苔藓群落PIE值与植被覆盖度呈正比,与岩石裸露率呈反比,自然植被生境的苔藓群落PIE值高于人工植被和裸地生境,但研究区苔藓群落PIE总体偏低,反映了喀斯特峰丛地区恶劣的生境条件。（3）研究区内卷叶湿地藓群落（Hyophiletum）、直蒴卷柏藓群落（Racopietum）和皱叶牛舌藓群落（Anomodetum）有着较高的生态优势度和生态位宽度,并且与其它苔藓群落的生态位重叠值很高。表明这三种苔藓群落对不同类型的峰丛石漠化生境都有着较好的适应能力,能够很好地与其它苔藓群落互利共生。

Ecological characteristic of Bryophyte communities from karst peak cluster rock desertification in Guanling county, Guizhou

Guanling county is in the ramp strip on the south side of ridged ramp from the east of YunnanGuizhou Plateau to hills of Guangxi,the carbonate was widely distributed and it is the typical mountains of karst.Strong soil erosion makes vegetation degradation and rocky desertification stronger in the place.Bryophyte belongs poikilohydric plants,it has good physiological drought tolerance and adapt environment of arid.For finding out the species and characteristics of bryophyte communities in the place of karst rocky desertification peak cluster,three typical areas（bare rock,natural vegetation,artificial vegetation） of karst peak cluster rock desertification was surveyed,we study the composition,distribution and ecological characteristics of the bryophyte communities in the area,PIE（Interspecific Encounter Probability）,ecological dominance,Shaanon-Wiener niche breadth formula and Morisita-Horn niche overlapping formula were used.The results are as follows：（1）The bryoflora of this site includes 11 families,17 genera and 22 species,Bryaceae is the dominant families,19 types of bryophyte communities were concluded in the area.（2）The PIE of bryophyte communities is direct ratio to vegetation coverage and inversely proportional to bare rock ratio,the PIE of mixed forest in karst peak cluster rock desertification is higher than the other two habitats,but the PIE of all kinds of places is lower,reflects the bad habitat of karst rocky desertification peak cluster.（3）Hyophiletum,Anomodonetum and Racopiletum have the higher ecological dominance and niche breadth in three areas,the niche overlapping of the three bryophyte communities are very high.The results indicated that Hyophiletum,Anomodonetum and Racopiletum have higher adaptation of the three kinds of karst rock desertification,they can live well with the other bryophyte communities in the karst peak cluster rock desertification.