高密度城市的门槛标准及全球分布特征

当今世界，高密度城市已在全球范围内大量出现。本文采用2012年Demographia公司发布的世界50万人以上城市人口密度数据，研究了高密度城市的门槛标准与全球分布特征。研究表明：高密度城市的门槛标准为15000人/km2，它在土地利用、街区建筑、交通方式等方面的表现出明显的空间环境特点。世界高密度城市主要集中分布在发展中国家，这些国家普遍具有工业化程度低、城市化水平低和人口规模大的特点。发达国家和发展中国家的高密度城市发展路径有较大差异，前者是由“再城市化”引起，后者则由“城市化”过程带来。有关高密度城市的深入研究意义重大，应着重关注其在居住形态、交通组织、资源配置、公共卫生、绿化环境等方面产生的问题。

Threshold Standard and Global Distribution of High-Density Cities

Study on high-density city is meaningful for practical issues since cities in the world were growing more and more high-density. Based on statistical data of 1513 cities with more than 500,000 population in year 2012 by Demographia, standard and global distribution of high-density cities were studied, the results indicate: Firstly, the standard of high-density city should be about 15,000 person per square kilometer, higher than this level city show “high-density” features which include land use, street and building, and transportation. Secondly, high-density cities are mainly distributed in developing countries which charaterized with lower industrialization, lower urbanization and larger population. Thirdly, high-density causes of developed country and developing country are different, as developed country is mainly caused by re-urbanization and developing country mainly by urbanization. Finally, several suggestions for further studies were given which include residential model, traffic management, resource distribution, public health, green space and so on.