从岩相古地理论中国南方石炭系油气潜景

石炭系是中国南方重要的海相含油气地层之一。下石炭统的油气生成条件比上石炭统的好，这和早石炭世的盆地面积较大有关。石炭系下伏的志留系和上覆的二叠系的油气生成条件比石炭系还要好。上石炭统的油气储集条件比下石炭统的好，这和上石炭统的白云岩和滩相石灰岩分布较广有关。石炭系油气藏的直接盖层是下二叠统下部的梁山组，区域盖层是中新生代的泥岩为主的地层。南方石炭系油气生储盖条件的配置关系相当好。但是，南方石炭系以及整个古生代和三叠纪海相地层均经历了多次大的构造变动，其油气藏形成条件遭受相当大的破坏。在有利的生储配置关系的基础上，在区域盖层和保存条件较好的及面积较大的中新生代沉积盆地中，尤其是在邻近石炭系本身或其下伏志留系油气源岩的地区，是寻找和发现石炭系新的油气藏的有利地区。

POTENTIAL OF OIL AND GAS OF THE CARBONIFEROUS IN SOUTH CHINA FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF LITHOFACIES PALAEOGEOGRAPHY

The Carboniferous is one of the most important marine strata which contain oil and gas in South China . The conditions of generating oil and gas of the Lower Carboniferous are better than those of the Upper Carboniferous, and this is related to larger area of basins in the Early Carboniferous. The conditions of generating oil and gas of the underlying Silurian and the overlying Permian are better than those of the Carboniferous. The reservoiring conditions of the Upper Carboniferous are better than those of the Lower Carboniferous, which is related to the widespread distribution of dolostones and bank limestones of the Upper Carboniferous. The direct capping bed of Carboniferous oil and gas pools is the Liangshan Formation which is the lower part of the Lower Permian, and the regional capping beds are the Mesozoic and Cenozoic which mainly consist of mudstones. The assemblage of generating, reservoiring and capping conditions of the Carboniferous in South China is favorable. But the marine strata of the Carboniferous as well as the whole Palaeozoic and Triassic in South China had all undergone several large tectonic movements. The conditions of oil and gas accumulation were destroyed to a large extent. The relatively large Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins with favorable assemblages of generating and reservoiring of oil and gas, favorable regional capping and favorable preserving conditions, especially the areas near the source rocks of the Carboniferous itself and the Silurian, are favorable places to find new Carboniferous oil and gas pools.