气旋类山东暴雨过程天气学特征研究

利用天气观测资料、NECP/NCAR再分析资料对1999-2009年发生的24例气旋导致的山东大范围的暴雨过程进行了研究。参照教科书分类标准将气旋分为黄河气旋型、黄淮气旋型与江淮气旋型,在丰富前人气候统计特征的基础上,提炼出概念模型。针对每类气旋重点分析气旋发展的动力机制、水汽特征,确定暴雨落区与各物理量场的配置关系。结论如下：(1)黄河气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,暖锋附近,天气尺度强迫有利于暴雨产生,水汽来源于西南气流输送或气旋本身。(2)黄淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋移动方向的左前方,属暖区降水,高低空急流的垂直耦合诱发深对流,促使暴雨产生。(3)江淮气旋型暴雨落区在气旋中心北侧,属冷区降水,其环流形势经向度较大,诱使低层低涡切变线北移,为系统性暴雨的产生提供水汽条件和动力条件。(4)三类气旋暴雨过程中,对流层高层多为辐散场或高空急流入口区的右侧,低层多有低涡配合；当有低空偏南风急流出现时,降水量大,反之,则小；暴雨中心均与850hPa水汽通量散度辐合区、高比湿区及高能舌区三者相叠置的位置相吻合。

Synoptic Characteristics Research on Rainstorm Processesin Shandong Caused by Cyclone

By using the meteorological observa tions and NCEP /NCAR reanalysis data, a classification-based research on the rainstorm processes in Shandong induced by cyclone from 1999 to 2009 are conducted.Reference to the previous classification standard, cyclones are divided into three types, namely Yellow River Cyclone-type, Huang-huai Cyclone-type and Jiang-huai Cyclone-type. on the basis of the rich climate characteristics of predecessors, extract the conceptual model,we focus on analyzing the characteristic of dynamical mechanism and moisture, the configuration relations of heavy rain fall area and various physical quantity For each type of cyclone. The results show that:(1) Heavy rain of Yellow River cyclone type fells on the left of the cyclone near the warm front, synoptic-scale system forced to the heavy rain, the water vapor comes from the southwest airflow or cyclone itself. (2) Heavy rain of Huang-huai Cyclone-type fells on the right of cyclone, belongs to warm area precipitation. High -low air jet vertical coupling induced by deep convection to prompted heavy rains. (3) Heavy rain of Jiang-huai Cyclone-type falls in the north of the cyclone, belongs to cold area precipitation. The dimensions of circulation situation is bigger, this prompted the lower vortex to move to northward, provide water vapor conditions and dynamic conditions for the generation of systemic storm. (4) Three kinds of cyclone heavy rain process, the upper troposphere is mostly divergence field or the right of jet entrance area, low-level systems are mostly low vortexs. When south wind low-air jet has appeared, rainfall is larger, on the other hand, is smaller. Rainstorm center is in conformity with vapor divergence convergence zone, big humidity area and the high energy tongue area of 850 hpa.