浅谈寻找隐伏矿床的理论和方法

本文从地质勘查找矿角度，将未出露现代侵蚀面或被沉积物覆盖的矿床统称为隐伏矿床。寻找隐伏矿的理论和方法可分为：①地质分析（构造体系、地质建造、矿田构造、隐伏侵入体等）；②矿床学理论（成因模式、找矿模型等）；③数学地质（统计预测、综合信息、地质异常等）；④地球化学找矿（构造地球化学、原生矿晕、次生矿晕、离子态分布模式）；⑤地球物理找矿（层析成像、地电提取、物探填图等）；⑥矿物学方法（矿物标型、蚀变矿物等）；⑦遥感地质找矿；⑧其他方法（生物找矿、计算机技术等）。

THE SIMPLE INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY AND METHOD ABOUT PROSPECTING THE HIDDEN DEPOSITS

Today the ore geologists all over the world are paying more attentions to the area of rock cap when beginning exploration of hidden deposits,which are buried by sediments.They have advanced many theories and new methods,some of them are very useful,but some are being proved in the practice.The ore deposits which not appeared above the recent erosion surface or have buried by sediments are often referred to as the hidden deposits from the point of view of geological exploration and prospecting.The theories and methods for prospecting these ore deposits may be summarized as follows:(1)Theory of geological analysis,including the tectonic system which controls deposits,analyses on geological formation,structures of ore field and hidden intrusives,etc.;(2)Theories of mineral deposit geology,including the genetic models of mineral deposits,establishment of prospecting pattern;(3)Mathematical geology of ore exploration,including the statistics and prediction of ore deposits,comprehensive information handling,exploration by geological anomaly;(4)Exploration by geochemistry,including the geochemical exploration coverage,tectonic geochemistry,the ore forming model by ionic distributions,etc.;(5)Exploration by geophysics,including the planigraphy,geoelectric chemical extraction,geophysical prospecting mapping;(6)Methods of prospecting mineralogy(mineral typomorphic information,altered minerals);(7)Prospecting by remote sensing geology;(8)The other theories and techniques,such as biological prospecting and computer processing application technique,and so on.