黑龙江垦区城镇化动力机制分析

垦区是中国农业现代化发展最为迅速的地区之一,也是中国中西部农村工业化和城镇化的参鉴模式之一。以黑龙江垦区为例,分两个层次深入分析垦区城镇化的动力机制的演变过程及与其他农区城镇化的差异。按照城镇化的资金来源和发展主体进行划分,黑龙江垦区城镇化的动力机制过程分为两个阶段,即1947-1978 年自上而下的城镇化阶段,1979-至今自下而上为主的快速城镇化新阶段。从动力因子视角对垦区的动力机制进行了研究,结果表明1989-2010 年间影响垦区城镇化的主要动力依次是市场力、内源力、行政力和外向力。与沿海地区的小城镇相比,黑龙江垦区远离大都市区,城镇化动力表现为典型的“内生性增长”,其发展模式可为我国广大中西部地区村镇发展提供很好的借鉴。但垦区的城镇化方式有其特殊性和先天不足,应加强体制改革,转变经济增长方式,合理规划农垦小城镇,实现垦区农业现代化、工业化、城镇化的协调发展。

Analyzing the urbanization driving force in Heilongjiang Reclamation Areas

As one of the most rapidly modernized agricultural areas, reclamation areas play an exemplary role in rural industrialization and urbanization in China. This paper discusses the dynamic mechanism of urbanization process for the reclamation areas in two aspects. In terms of funding sponsor and developing body, the urbanization process can be divided into two phases, the top-down urbanization stage (1947-1978) and down-top urbanization stage (1979-present). The authors attempt to explore the dynamic factors causing urbanization by the principal component regression model, and the results indicate that market force, endogenous force, administration force and exogenetic force are main driving forces for the urbanization in this area. Compared with coastal rural areas, the reclamation areas are featured by "endogenous growth", so they set a good example for inland urbanization in the vast central and western regions of China. However, reclamation urbanization has its own special characteristics and shortages, so it is urgent to coordinate the relationship among agricultural modernization, industrialization and urbanization, transform institutional mechanism, make reasonable planning and change the growth mode for future development.