中国南方显生宙大地构造演化简史

中国南方的构造格架以众多造山带围绕扬子克拉通分布为特征。这些造山带分别形成于古生代(华南造山带)和中—新生代(秦岭-大别山造山带、松潘-甘孜造山带、三江造山带、右江造山带和沿海造山带)。在造山带中散布着保山地块和南海地块等微陆块。本文以扬子克拉通为中心,概述了中国南方显生宙构造古地理演化的主体面貌,并归纳了其对海相烃源岩堆积的制约关系,指出制约和影响中国南方古地理演化的几个主要的构造事件为:新元古代晚期至古生代早期的大陆裂谷和被动大陆边缘形成事件,古生代中期华南造山带形成演化事件,古生代晚期张裂事件,中生代古特提斯洋闭合造山事件,侏罗纪以来的太平洋板块俯冲事件,新生代印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞事件等。本文还指出,上述这些事件延续的时间有限,变形强度在空间上也有差异,对于油气成藏和晚期调整的影响也会因时因地而异。具体事物具体分析才能对研究中国南方油气分布规律有所帮助。

Phanerozoic Tectonic Evolution of South China

South China is characterized by extensively developed orogenic belts that enclose the Yangtze Craton(YzC).These orogenic belts were built up in various periods.They are the Triassic Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt(QDOB) in the north,the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Three-river Orogenic Belt(TOB) in the west,the Youjiang Orogenic Belt(YOB) in the southwest,the Middle Paleozoic Huanan Orogenic Belt(HOB) in the southeast,and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Maritime Orogenic Belt(MOB) along the coast.A few micro continental blocks,such as Wuyi Block,Baoshan Block and South China Sea Block,scatter in orogenic belts.This paper described Phanerozic paleogeographic evolution of South China with the YzC as center,and their constraint to the accumulation of marine source rocks.Important tectonic events that have caused paleogeographic changes in South China include continental rifting that developed into passive margin in the period of Neoproterozoic to the Early Paleozoic,orogeny of HOB in the Middle Paleozoic,extension in the Late Paleozoic,closing of Paleo-Tethys in Mesozoic,subduction of Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia Plate since Jurassic,as well as collision between India and Eurasia Plates in Cenozoic.All these tectonic events have their own limitation in active time and influence region.Their influence and constraint to petroleum migration,accumulation and later adjustment are also limited.Therefore,it will be helpful in petroleum exploration to be practical and realistic in studying individual case.