黑龙江双阳河流域土壤-作物-人体系统中硒元素及生态环境与人体健康评价

【研究目的】典型黑土地分布区土壤硒自然禀赋、成因来源、生态环境效应及人体健康评价为健康地质研究焦点,开展双阳河流域土壤-作物-人体系统中硒迁移与累积的定量研究,对黑土地富硒农产品开发和地方病防治具有重要意义。【研究方法】测定成土母质、土壤、大气降尘、灌溉水、作物籽实和人发等多介质硒含量,运用GIS、SPSS软件对测试结果统计分析及评价。【研究结果】划定富硒土地46.4 km²,主要沿双阳河及其支流分布;硒以人为成因为主,主要来源于大气降尘补充,输入通量为0.21~1.47 kg/km² · a。土壤、大豆、水稻、玉米和人发硒含量均值为0.305 mg/kg、0.0352 mg/kg、0.0287 mg/kg、0.0198 mg/kg和0.145 mg/kg;作物对土壤硒的富集系数（0.120）远小于1,人发对作物硒的富集系数（4.834）大于1,揭示人发对硒具有较强的浓缩和放大作用,硒在土壤-作物-人体系统中的迁移与积累呈“V”字型模式。【结论】土壤硒含量整体为足硒或富硒,无硒潜在环境风险。大豆、水稻富硒占比为28.4%、9.4%,未发现硒超标情况,无生物硒中毒风险。人发硒含量明显低于参考值0.20~0.60 mg/kg,人体处于缺硒状态,随年龄增长呈递减趋势,可能存在一定的健康风险,应引起地方相关部门关注。创新点：基于系统的生态地球化学数据,运用统计分析学原理,开展典型黑土区土壤-作物-人体系统中硒迁移与积累研究,为富硒农产品开发和地方病防治提供科学依据。

Geochemical characteristics and evaluation of ecological environment and human health of selenium in soil-crop-human system in Shuangyang River Basin, Heilongjiang

This paper is the result of ecological geological survey engineering.Objective]The natural endowment, genetic source, ecological environment effect and human health evaluation of soil selenium in typical black soil distribution areas are the research focus of healthy geology, a quantitative study on the migration and accumulation of selenium in the soil-crop-human system in the Shuangyang River Basin was carried out. The development of selenium-rich agricultural products in black soil and the prevention and control of endemic diseases are of great significance.Methods]The selenium content of parent material, soil, atmospheric dust, irrigation water, crop seeds and human hair was determined, and the results were statistically analyzed and evaluated by GIS and SPSS software.Results]The selenium-enriched land is 46.4 km², mainly distributed along the Shuangyang River and its tributaries; the selenium is largely caused by human beings, mainly from atmospheric dust supplementation with an input flux of 0.21-1.47kg/km² · a. The mean selenium contents of soil, soybean, rice, corn and human hair are 0.305 mg/kg, 0.0352 mg/kg, 0.0287 mg/kg, 0.0198 mg/kg and 0.145 mg/kg. The enrichment coefficient of selenium from crops to soil (0.120) is much less than 1, and the enrichment coefficient of selenium from human hair to crops (4.834) is greater than 1, indicating that human hair has a strong concentration and amplification effect on selenium. The migration and accumulation of selenium in the soil-crop-human system shows a "V"-shaped pattern.Conclusions]In general, the selenium content in the soil is sufficient or rich with no potential environmental risk. Soybean and rice are rich in selenium, accounting for 28.4% and 9.4%, with no selenium exceeding the standard and poisoning in organisms. The content of selenium in human hair is significantly lower than the reference value of 0.20-0.60 mg/kg, indicating that the human body is in a state of selenium deficiency, and the selenium content tends to decrease with age. There may be certain health risks, which should arouse the attention of local relevant departments.Highlights: Migration and accumulation of selenium in soil-crop-human system of typical black soil area were studied based on systematic ecological geochemical data and statistical analysis principle, which provided scientific basis for the development of selenium-rich agricultural products and local disease control.