日本的综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)

对日本的IODP活动以及科学目标进行简要介绍。IODP核心技术支撑之一的立管钻探船“地球号”可在水深4 000 m的海底钻进7 000 m，钻达发震带和上地幔，实现日本的IODP科学目标。日本的IODP科学规划主要有三大科学主题和八项研究目标，三大科学主题包括地幔过程和地球系统演化，地壳作用过程和地球系统演化，俯冲带和地球系统演化过程中的动力学及物质循环。其八项研究目标为：①钻探西太平洋洋底高原，认识核—幔作用过程；②钻探太平洋白垩纪—新生代沉积物，详细研究地球温室期间的物质循环及从温室环境到冰室环境的转化过程；③钻探大洋岛弧，认识大陆地壳形成过程；④钻探扩张的弧后，认识洋壳岩石圈形成过程；⑤钻探亚洲边缘海及陆坡，认识陆壳—洋壳—大气圈关系；⑥调查增生楔中的碳循环及深部生物圈；⑦调查汇聚板块边缘大地震周期及形成机制、构造及物质循环；⑧研究生活于增生楔环境中极端微生物生物学。

IODP IN JAPAN

This paper briefly summarizes the Japanese IODP activity and science plan. As one of the IODP core technology, the riser drilling vessel “Chikyu” is capable of drilling 7,000m into the ocean floor in deep sea areas with a water depth 4,000m. It is capable of drilling to the seismogenic zone and the upper mantle, and is helpful to reach Japanese IODP scientific goals . Japan's IODP scientific goals mainly has three big scientific subjects and eight research goals, of which, three big scientific subjects involve mantle processes and the Earth system evolution; crustal process and the Earth system evolution; and dynamics and mass circulation in subduction zones and Earth system evolution. The eight major research topics are : ①understanding core mantle processes, by deep drilling into a large oceanic plateau in the Western Pacific; ②detailed investigation of material circulation during greenhouse Earth, and the transition process from greenhouse to icehouse environments, by drilling Cretaceous to Cenozoic sediments in the Pacific, ③understanding the process of continental crust formation by deep drilling into oceanic arc, ④Understanding the process of oceanic lithosphere formation by deep drilling of the back arc spreading system, ⑤understanding of continent ocean atmosphere linkage, by drilling in the marginal seas and continental slopes of Asia, ⑥investigation of the carbon cycle and the deep biosphere in accretionary prisms, ⑦investigation of the mechanism and cycles of great earthquakes, tectonics, and mass circulation in convergent plate margins,and ⑧biology of extreme microorganisms living in deep accretionary prism environment.