Current perspectives on the Permian–Triassic boundary and end-Permian mass extinction: Preface |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;3. School of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;4. School of Biology and Environmental Science, Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA;3. Geological Survey of Canada, 1500 - 625 Robson St., Vancouver, B.C. V6B 5J3, Canada;4. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;5. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;2. The Department of Land Resource of Shanxi Province, 3 Wangjing Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;4. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0013, USA;5. UMR 8198 Evo-Eco-Paleo, CNRS-Université de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d''Ascq, France;1. School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;2. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;3. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;4. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi''an 710069, China;5. Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;6. Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;3. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Victoria 3125, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The end-Permian mass extinction is now robustly dated at 252.6 ± 0.2 Ma (U–Pb) and the Permian–Triassic (P–T) GSSP level is dated by interpolation at 252.5 Ma. An isotopic geochronological timescale for the Late Permian–Early Triassic, based on recent accurate high-precision U–Pb single zircon dating of volcanic ashes, together with calibrated conodont zonation schemes, is presented. The duration of the Early Triassic (Induan + Olenekian stages) is estimated at only 5.5 million years. The duration of the Induan Stage (Griesbachian + Dienerian sub-stages) is estimated at ca. one million years and the early Olenekian (Smithian sub-stage) at 0.7 million years duration. Considering this timescale, the “delayed” recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction may not in fact have been particularly protracted, in the light of the severity of the extinction. Conodonts evolved rapidly in the first 1 million years following the mass extinction leading to recognition of high-resolution conodont zones. Continued episodic global environmental and climatic stress following the extinction is recognized by multiple carbon isotope excursions, further faunal turnover and peculiar sedimentary and biotic facies (e.g. microbialites). The end-Permian mass extinction is interpreted to be synchronous globally and between marine and non-marine environments. The nature of the double-phased Late Permian extinction (at the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary and the P–T boundary), linked to large igneous provinces, suggests a primary role for superplume activity that involved geomagnetic polarity change and massive volcanism. |
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