North Atlantic Oscillation influence and weather types associated with winter total and extreme precipitation events in Spain |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. Física de la Tierra, Astronomía y Astrofísica II, Universidad, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain;2. Dpto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain;1. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and the UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI;2. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI;3. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Aspirus Cancer Center, Wausau, WI;4. Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI;5. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI;6. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saint Vincent Regional Cancer Center, Green Bay, WI;7. Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt;2. Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza 12613, Egypt;1. Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;2. Departamento de Anatomía y Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;3. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;1. Cardiff School of Biosciences, Main Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK;2. Departments of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, and Haskins Laboratories, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA;3. Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 720 Rutland Ave., 1059 Ross Building, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;1. Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico;2. Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | An analysis of winter intensity and frequency of precipitation is presented, based on 102 daily precipitation stations over Spain and the Balearic Islands for the 1997–2006 decade. Precipitation stations have been merged in the eight different regions which compose the analyzed area by the use of an EOF analysis. NAO influence on the intensity and frequency of precipitation of each region is described in terms of mean precipitation, mean rain frequency, the number of extreme events, changes in the precipitation distribution and the prevalent synoptic configuration. Results indicate a non-stationary response; NAO signal being more evident in mid–late winter. Strong regional differences in the response to NAO are also found, which vary according to the specific character of the precipitation under analysis. Thus, NAO exerts a clear effect on the intensity of total and extreme precipitation rates in northern and westernmost Spanish regions, whereas the frequency of precipitation is clearly affected by NAO in central and southwestern areas. While the correlation between NAO and precipitation is negative for most of the analyzed area, two regions reveal positive responses to NAO in total precipitation occurrence and intensity for specific months. Further analyses reveal asymmetric responses to opposite phases of NAO in the precipitation distributions of some regions. The complex regional relationship between NAO and precipitation is also revealed through the modulation of the former in the preferred Circulation Weather Types associated to precipitation in each region. This spatially non-homogeneous NAO signal stresses the need of caution when employing Iberian precipitation as a proxy for NAO. |
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