海洋生态系统内在价值评估方法初探——以厦门湾为例

海洋和海岸带生态系统价值的科学评估对海洋与海岸带开发决策起着重要的支撑作用.目前盛行的生态系统服务价值评估是从生态系统对人类的效用的角度衡量生态系统的价值,而缺乏从生态系统自身的角度进行客观评估.首先分析了生态系统内在价值的内涵,提出基于能值和ecoexergy两种系统生态学方法的价值评估框架,建立了一套海洋生态系统内在价值较为有效的评估方法.该框架先通过能值计算将生态系统的生物成分、非生物成分及物种多样性转换为能值货币价值,再通过eco-exergy来体现生态系统的结构与功能过程,并转换为eco-exergy货币价值.最后将该评估框架应用于厦门湾海洋生态系统内在价值的评估.结果显示,2010年厦门湾海洋生态系统的本底内在价值为1.16×10^11CNY,全年创造内在价值为9.24×10^10CNY,总计2.09×10^11CNY,远高于生态系统服务价值7.27×10^9CNY和厦门海洋产业GDP 2.47×10^10CNY.

Evaluation of marine ecosystem intrinsic value--- a case study of Xiamen Bay

Scientific evaluation on the ecosystems of marine and coastal zones plays an important role in supporting the strategic decision-making in marine and coastal zone management.So far the most popular methods for ecosystem valuation are ecosystem services valuation which base on the utility of ecosystems to human being.And there are no any approaches and methods that focus on the evaluation based on ecosystems themselves.In this paper,the definition of ecosystem intrinsic value was identified.The approach and methods for the objective evaluation of marine ecosystem intrinsic value were developed based on emergy and eco-exergy analysis,and then applied to Xiamen Bay.Emergy valuation was applied to intrinsic valuation of components and species diversity of marine ecosystems.Then eco-exergy analysis was used to measure the structures and functions of ecosystems.The results showed that,in 2010,marine ecosystem intrinsic value in Xiamen Bay was 2.09 × 10^11 CNY,including 1.16 × 10^11 of emergy and 9.24 × 10^10 of eco-exergy,which is much higher than 7.27 × 10^9 CNY of the value of ecosystem service and 2.47 × 10^10 CNY of GDP of Xiamen Marine Industry in 2010.