Heating and cooling of magnetars with accreted envelopes |
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Authors: | A D Kaminker A Y Potekhin D G Yakovlev G Chabrier |
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Institution: | Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Politekhnicheskaya 26, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;Ecole Normale Superérieure de Lyon, CRAL (UMR 5574 CNRS), 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France;Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, St Petersburg Branch, Russia |
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Abstract: | We study the thermal structure and evolution of magnetars as cooling neutron stars with a phenomenological heat source in an internal layer. We focus on the effect of magnetized ( B ? 1014 G) non-accreted and accreted outermost envelopes composed of different elements, from iron to hydrogen or helium. We discuss a combined effect of thermal conduction and neutrino emission in the outer neutron star crust and calculate the cooling of magnetars with a dipole magnetic field for various locations of the heat layer, heat rates and magnetic field strengths. Combined effects of strong magnetic fields and light-element composition simplify the interpretation of magnetars in our model: these effects allow one to interpret observations assuming less extreme (therefore, more realistic) heating. Massive magnetars, with fast neutrino cooling in their cores, can have higher thermal surface luminosity. |
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Keywords: | dense matter neutrinos stars: magnetic fields stars: neutron |
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