IPCC 第五次评估报告关于适应气候变化与可持续发展的新认知

IPCC发布的《气候变化2014：影响、适应和脆弱性》进一步提升了国际社会对于适应气候变化和可持续发展的认识水平，主要表现在：适应气候变化的研究视角从自然生态脆弱性转向更为广泛的社会经济脆弱性及人类的响应能力；阐明了气候风险与社会发展的关系，明确了适应在气候灾害风险管理中的积极作用；提出了减少脆弱性和暴露度及增加气候恢复能力的有效适应原则；提出了适应极限的概念，指出这一概念对于适应气候变化的政策含义；提出了保障社会可持续发展的气候恢复能力路径；强调要注重适应与减缓的协同作用和综合效应，指出转型适应是应对气候变化影响的必要选择。报告认为，气候变化、影响、适应及社会经济过程不再是一个简单的单向线性关系，需要纳入统一的系统框架下予以认识和理解。

Understanding of Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development for IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

IPCC launched Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability and pointed out that since AR4 the framing of adaptation has moved further from a focus on biophysical vulnerability to the wider social and economic drivers of vulnerability and people’s ability to respond. It expounded the relationships between climate risk and social development, pointed out how adaptation play an important role in climate-related risk management and that strategies and approaches to climate change adaptation include efforts to decrease vulnerability or exposure and/or increase resilience or adaptive capacity. It presented the concept of adaptation limits and expounded its meaning to climate change adaptation. It put forward climate resilient pathways for sustainable development, significant co-benefits and synergies exist between mitigation and adaptation and between alternative adaptation responses, transformation is a necessary option to cope with climate change. The report considered climate change, impacts, adaptation and social-economics processes are not simple linear relationship and need to be recognized and understood in a compound system.