干旱半干旱区山地森林类型的土壤水文特征

处于中国西北干旱半干旱区的山地森林以独特的水文作用成为山前平原及川区绿洲生态经济系统稳定发展的基础。以无林地为对照,对典型山地森林祁连山水源涵养林区4种主要林分类型的土壤水文物理性状、土壤入渗特性及土壤贮水性能进行定位研究,结果表明:(1)不同林分类型的土壤容重、孔隙度和孔隙比等表征土壤水文物理性质的指标明显好于无林地,且0～20 cm土层好于20～40 cm。各指标林地间差异较大,其中青海云杉林和湿性灌丛林好于祁连圆柏林,干性灌丛林较差。(2)乘幂方程能较好的反映研究地区不同林分的土壤入渗过程,有林地入渗性能好于无林地,青海云杉林、湿性灌丛林、祁连圆柏林、干性灌丛林的平均渗透速率值分别是无林地(1.68 mm/min)的15.72,13.39,3.55,1.94倍。(3)有林地的土壤吸持、滞留贮水量、土壤涵蓄降水量、有效涵蓄量均表现为青海云杉林>湿性灌丛林>祁连圆柏林>干性灌丛林>无林地,且0～20 cm土壤贮水性能好于20～40 cm。说明在涵养水源和水分有效性方面,青海云杉林和湿性灌丛林优于祁连圆柏林和干性灌丛林。从涵蓄水分、涵养水源角度来考虑,可优先考虑青海云杉林和湿性灌丛林。

Hydrological characteristics of different forest types of soil in arid and semi-arid mountain

The mountainous forest located at northwestern arid - semiarid part of China is the base of stable development of eco - economic system at piedmont plains and oasises due to its particular hydrological function.With contrast of non - forest land,this article studied the soil - hydro - physical characters,soil infiltrate features,water reserve capabilities of four forest types in typical water reservation forests of Qilian Mountains.Our research showed that:(1) land surface with forest have the function of a...