哀牢山中段滑坡灾害类型及其变形失稳模式

以哀牢山地区中段为理论研究基地,在地质灾害详细调查试点工作的基础上,对西南山区地质灾害进行详细调查工作方法、对哀牢山地区中段滑坡灾害发育分布特征及变形失稳模式进行了描述性研究。调查研究表明:在西南山区地质灾害详细调查中,调查部署应兼顾流域环境、地质条件和社会经济等三要素,应充分发挥遥感调查的先导性作用,采用"点、线、面"相结合的专业调查方式,加强对区域灾害地质条件的调查,结合国土资源开发利用规划,增强对地质灾害趋势的预测能力;哀牢山中段滑坡点多面广,规模小,包括特殊土体型、崩滑堆积体型、残坡积层型、人工堆填土型和风化层型5种类型;滑坡分布受地质构造的控制作用显著,现代滑坡集中分布于地理地质-人类活动的频变区(或带),古滑坡主要沿主干构造或深切河谷岸坡分布;滑坡变形失稳具有散裂-摩阻-溜滑、蠕滑-拉裂-转动、滑移-拉裂-溃屈、蠕滑-拉裂-追踪和弯曲-拉裂-崩滑等5种模式;概括出了区内3种滑坡-泥石流转化模式。

Basic characteristics and disaster patterns of landslides in the middle part of Ailao Mountain

Based on the detailed survey of the geo-hazards in the middle part of Ailao Mountain,we have conducted a systematic research on the type,the characteristics,the distribution,and the disaster pattern of landslides in the middle part of Ailao Mountain and on the methodology of the study of geological disasters in southwestern China.The survey of geological disaster in southwestern China should include the investigation of the environment of the drainage area,the geological conditions and the socioeconomic.The remote sensing should be the forerunner;the diagnoses of geologic environment and the ability of geo-hazard forecasting should be strengthened.There are many sites of landslides in the middle part of Ailao Mountain.The landslides are widely distributed and on small scale.The landslides may be divided into five types: the sliding of special soil mass,the sliding of landslide congeries,the sliding of residual deposits,the sliding of artificial deposits,and the sliding of weathered rocks.The distribution of landslides is obviously controlled by the geological structures.The recent landslides are mainly distributed in the zones of frequently varied geographic-geologic environment and activities of humankind.The ancient landslides are mainly distributed along major structures and deeply cut valleys and shore slopes.There are five kinds of disaster patterns,i.e.,spallation-friction-slipping,slowly slipping-rip-rotation,slipping-rip-debacle,slowly slipping-tracing-expansion and curving-rip-falling.There are three modes of translation of landslide into debris flow.