岩石中的渗透率、流体流动及热液成矿作用

热液成因的固体金属矿床形成过程中都曾拥有一段流动的历史。成矿物质以溶液的形式从矿源地穿过孔隙或断裂达到了现在的栖身之所,在此过程中流体通过的路径决定了它们的走向,而溶液本身也改变了路径的特征。因此,对于此类矿床的研究不能仅仅囿于眼之所见,而应将古流体流动的观念融入其中,并考察它们的跋涉之路。文中总结了近年来国内外在岩石孔隙、断裂介质及与其相关渗透率对热液成矿作用的控制等领域的研究成果和最新进展,对岩石渗透率、渗透率的影响因素、岩石中流体流动的特征等问题进行了阐述,讨论了渗透率对于热液成矿作用深度、成矿规模、矿质沉淀机制等方面的重要影响,藉此在固体金属矿床研究中强化流"体运动"的观念,并促进构造地质学和成矿作用地球化学间一个新研究方向的发展。

Rock permeability, fluid flow and hydrothermal ore-forming processes.

All hydrothermal metal deposits had experienced a flow process, in which the ore-forming metal moved from sources through pores or fractures to precipitation environment as a solution. In these processes, their features were determined by the paths, and in turn, the solutions also changed the characteristics of the paths. Thus, we cannot limit the studies on these deposits as they are seen nowadays; we should further consider and study the concept of paleo-fluid flowing and its paths. In this paper, we summarize the recent results and progress in the study of the control of pores, fractures and related permeability on the hydrothermal ore-forming processes. We elaborate the issues of rock permeability, influences of permeability and characteristics of fluid flowing in rocks, and discuss the influences of permeability on depth, scale and metal precipitation mechanisms of hydrothermal ore-forming processes. The flowing concept in the study of solid metal deposits should be intensified. By this approach, a new research branch between the structural geology and geochemistry of ore-forming processes will be developed.