南方山地丘陵区地质灾害调查工程主要进展与成果

我国南方山地丘陵区地质灾害分布数量约占全国地质灾害总数的57%,复杂的孕灾地质背景条件和诱发因素在很大程度上制约了地方政府对地质灾害的早期识别及监测预警能力,从而对各地国家基础设施和人民生命财产安全以及重大战略工程的实施造成影响,因此,提升对南方山地丘陵区地质灾害发育分布规律的认识和防治水平就显得极为重要和迫切。为满足服务国家重大战略实施的防灾减灾需求,中国地质调查局部署了“南方山地丘陵区地质灾害调查工程”,以支撑服务国家和地方防灾减灾需求为导向,以“出技术、出方法、出规范”为目标,采用“空-天-地”一体化调查技术,重点围绕地质灾害的早期识别、监测预警、风险评价及防灾减灾方法等开展调查研究与应用示范,引领和指导南方山地丘陵区的地质灾害调查。该工程通过2019年的调查研究,对南方山地丘陵区地质灾害发育的总体分布规律、危害程度及成因机制有了宏观认识,为区域地质灾害研究与评价提供了重要基础。取得的地质灾害调查成果为国家一系列重大战略工程的规划建设提供了有效服务。如在川藏铁路建设工程中,为某车站选址提供了地质综合评估建议,成功识别出的潜在滑坡隐患为某特大桥梁设计方案变更提供了重要的地质依据; 服务于乌蒙山区及赣州地区地质灾害自动化监测预警系统建设,有效提升了地方政府防灾减灾的效率与水平; 及时配合自然资源部金沙江白格滑坡、宜宾地震、浙江永嘉滑坡等重大突发性地质灾害的应急抢险工作,并提供了有效的技术支持; 在汛期为四川省和云南省等地方政府开展地质灾害应急排查20余次,为这些地区的安全度汛发挥了重要作用; 积极开展多种形式的地质灾害科学普及活动,提高了广大民众的地质灾害防治知识水平。

Main progresses and achievements of geological hazards survey in hilly area of southern China

The quantity distribution of geological hazards in hilly area of southern China accounts for about 57% of nationwide geological hazards. The complex geological conditions and induced factors have greatly restricted the ability of local governments to identify and monitor geological hazards in the early stage, which have an impact on the infrastructure, life and property safety and implementation of national major strategic projects. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to enhance the rule recognition of geological hazards distribution and development and the ability of prevention and treatment in hilly area of southern China. In order to meet the disaster prevention and mitigation needs of the national major strategic projects implementation, China Geological Survey has deployed the Geological hazards survey in hilly area of southern China. The support of the national and local disaster prevention and mitigation needs was taken as the project guide, and “Creating the technology, methods and standards” was taken as the project target. Based on the space-sky-ground integrated survey technology, the project team carried out the investigation and application for the early identification, detection and alert, risk assessment, and disaster prevention and mitigation methods of geological hazards, which lead and guide the geological hazards survey in hilly area of southern China. Through the survey in 2019, the authors have a preliminary recognition of the types, distribution rule, hazard level and mechanism of geological hazards in hilly area of southern China, which provides an important basis for the research and evaluation of regional geological hazards. The geological hazards survey results provide effective service for the planning and construction of the national major strategic projects. In the Sichuan-Tibet railway construction, these survey results provided geological comprehensive evaluation suggestion for the station site selection, and the potential landslide hazards were successfully identified, which provided an important geological basis for design changes of the extra-large bridge. The project results served the construction of automated monitoring and early warning system of geological hazards in Wumeng mountainous area and Ganzhou area, which can effectively improve the efficiency and level of disaster prevention and mitigation for local government. The project team promptly cooperated Ministry of Natural Resources for the emergency rescue of major disastrous geological hazards, such as Baige landslide of Jinsha River, Yibin earthquake, Yongjia landslide of Zhejiang Province, and provided effective technical support. During the flood season, the project team carried out more than 20 geological hazards emergency survey for local governments in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province, which played an important role for the regional security in the flood season. The project team carried out the multiform activities to popularize scientific knowledge about geological hazards, which improve the demotic knowledge level of geological hazards.