近56a贵阳市暴雨气候特征分析

利用贵阳市国家地面气象观测站1963—2018年逐日降水资料，分析近56 a贵阳市暴雨气候特征。结果表明:贵阳市暴雨以一般性暴雨最为频繁（占86.7%），区域暴雨与局地暴雨发生频次相当；该市暴雨开始于3月，结束于11月，集中于6月中旬—7月中旬；暴雨贡献率及暴雨日数整体呈现出增多趋势，年降水量中暴雨平均贡献率为17.7%；年暴雨日数与年降水量的年际变化趋势较为密切，即暴雨日数较多年，年降水量较多，暴雨日数较少年，年降水量较少；近56 a贵阳暴雨日数序列存在准2~4 a的振荡周期；暴雨频次时间序列在世纪60年代初到80年代中后期、21世纪00年代初到10年代初为较少期，20世纪80年代末期到90年代初、21世纪10年代中期至今为较多期。

Characteristics of Rainstorm in Guiyang in the Recent 56 years

The climatic characteristics of rainstorm in Guiyang during the past 56 years are analyzed by using the daily precipitation data from 1963 to 2018 of Guiyang National Surface Meteorological Observation Station. The results show: frequent rainstorm (86.7%) is generally the most rainstorm of Guiyang, and the frequencies of regional rainstorms are equivalent to the local rainstorms; Rainstorm in the Guiyang began in March and ended in November, mainly concentrating from mid-June to mid-July; Generally the rainstorm contribution rate and the amount of rainstorm days show an increasing trend. The average contribution rate of rainstorm is 17.7% in the annual precipitation. The number of rainstorm days and the inter-annual variation trend of precipitation is relatively close, that is, the annual precipitation is also higher if the rainstorm days is higher in this year, and vice versa.There is a 2~4 year oscillation in the time series of rainstorm days of Guiyang in recent 56a. The rainstorm frequency is relatively small from the early 1960s to the middle and late 1980s, from the early 2000s to the early 2010s of this century, on the contrary, rainstorm frequency is relatively large from the late 1980s to the early 1990s and from the mid-10s of this century to the present.