基于北斗船位数据的渔业信息解译与应用研究——以中国毛虾限额捕捞管理为例

2020年6月15日—7月15日,我国首次中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)限额捕捞试点于江苏连云港实施。本研究提取62艘毛虾网船在限额捕捞期间的421700条北斗船位数据经纬度、航速、航向等信息,运用缓冲区叠加分析法、DBSCAN密度聚类算法、平均中心算法、核密度估计以及数据库查询对捕捞努力量等管控要素进行分析研究。结果显示,所有毛虾网船累计作业239个航次、1942个网次,捕捞过程分为航行、抛锚布网、等待渔获、收渔获、停航等5个状态,中国毛虾捕捞状态船位点呈直线分布,总捕捞时长为4413.73h,82.4%的单网次捕捞时长为1.5—3.5h,各网次捕捞产量呈现多核心空间分布模式,总捕捞努力量为108106343 m~2·h,计算62艘的捕捞总产量值约为2328 t,比上报产量高12.6%;本文通过北斗船位数据解译和提取捕捞努力量以计算中国毛虾捕捞产量及资源空间分布情况,有效应用于中国毛虾限额捕捞,为解决我国单品种限额捕捞难点积累了宝贵经验。

INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF FISHERY INFORMATION BASED ON BEIDOU POSITION DATA: A CASE STUDY OF TACS PILOT PROJECT OF ACETES CHINENSIS

China has successfully launched fisheries TACs (total allowable catch system) pilot project of Acetes chinensis in coastal waters of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, East China from June 15 to July 15 in 2020. A total of 421700 VMS (vessel monitoring system) data of Beidou satellite navigation from 62 stow net vessels during fishing period were used. The data including the time, position, speed, direction etc., were mined and proceed for the extraction of fishing effort by buffer overlay analysis, the DBSCAN (Density-based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise) algorithm, the mean center algorithm, kernel density estimation, and database querying. The results show that the stow net vessels performed 239 voyages with 1942 nets, the total fishing time was 4413.73 h, and the total fishing effort was 108106343 m²·h. The calculated yield was 2328 t, which is 12.6% higher than the reported yield. The fishing status was recognized and divided into five phases (cruising, casting, waiting, hauling, and suspending). The fishing routes of catching A. chinensis were strait lines, and the spatial distribution of fishing yield with stow nets featured multiple-centered pattern. At present, challenges remain in the implementation of TACs in China for targeted species stock survey and fishing log management. The method of interpreting the fishing behaviors, the extraction methods of voyages, nets, positions, and fishing effort, and the method of yield calculation in this study provided an effective way to implement TACs projects in fishery.