全球海底峡谷成因及演化研究

海底峡谷广泛发育于全球大陆边缘，在地形上表现为深切于大陆边缘的凹槽，是海陆边界处最为显著的地貌之一。海底峡谷是陆缘碎屑物质由陆至深海运移的重要通道，是研究区域源—汇体系、海平面升降、构造演化的重要场所，也是海底油气资源形成与储集的重要区域，是国内外在海洋领域研究的热点之一。针对海底峡谷的成因及演化过程，进行了系统性的研究与划分，首先介绍了国内外海底峡谷研究的关键成果，其次概述了两大世界典型峡谷区南海北部海底峡谷区和蒙特利海底峡谷区的区域构造及成因，最后依据海底峡谷形成演化的主控因素，将其成因分为3种类型：强侵蚀性、河流侵蚀型、构造作用及溯源侵蚀型。通过对峡谷成因演化的研究，有助于为海底峡谷的分类提供新的思路，为海底峡谷区域的资源勘探、古气候与构造演化模式方面提供新的突破点。

ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF SUBMARINE CANYONS

Submarine canyons, the most remarkable landforms around the sea-land boundaries characterized by deep grooves, are globally distributed on continental margins. As the major vehicles for transportation of terrigenous clastic materials from land to deep sea, they are the key sites to study the regional source-sink systems, sea level fluctuations, tectonic evolution, and formation and accumulation of submarine oil and gas resources. This paper is devoted to the origin and evolution of submarine canyons on a global scale. Firstly, we briefly introduced the key research results of submarine canyons on the earth. Secondly, we summarized the regional structural background and origin of submarine canyon group in the northern South China Sea and Monterey Gulf. Thirdly, based on the major control factors, we described three types of submarine canyons: the strong-erosional type, the river-related erosional type, and the tectonic-headward-erosional type. Some new ideas are included for the classification of submarine canyons, exploration of deep water resources, and further study of paleoclimatic and tectonic evolutionary models.