东北三省粮食主产区农业比较优势与增长 优势时空演变研究

采用区位商和增长商指数，对1990—2018年黑龙江、吉林和辽宁三省的农业，及种植业、林业、畜牧业和渔业的比较优势和增长优势进行研究。结果表明：①从比较优势看，黑龙江省的农业、种植业、畜牧业和林业，吉林省的畜牧业，以及辽宁省的渔业和畜牧业，在全国具有突出的比较优势；东北三省的玉米、黑龙江省的大豆，及黑龙江和吉林省的牛肉生产具有显著的比较优势。②从增长优势看，1990—2018年，东北三省的种植业经济增速迟缓，而畜牧业经济具有明显的部门增长优势和区域增长优势，且增长优势突出，发展潜力较大。③从空间格局看，东北三省有75%的地级市农业具有比较优势；72%的地级市畜牧业产值增速高于全国平均水平，具有部门增长优势，优势突出。尽管东北三省种植业在全国的比较优势较强，但其产值增长速度相对迟缓。为推进粮食主产区农业发展，应提高现代农业发展水平，促进农业综合发展。

Spatio-temporal evolution of agricultural comparative advantage and growing advantage in main grain producing areas in Northeast Provinces in China

Industrial development advantages have an important influence on industrial economy. Location Quotient (LQ) and Growth Quotient (GQ) indexes were used to study comparative advantages and growth advantages of planting, forestry, livestock and fishery in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces in China from 1990 to 2018.The results show that: (1) In terms of comparative advantage, at present, agriculture, planting, animal husbandry and forestry in Heilongjiang Province, animal husbandry in Jilin Province, and fishery and animal husbandry in Liaoning Province have outstanding comparative advantages in China. In addition, corn in three provinces, soybean in Heilongjiang, and beef in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces have significant comparative advantages. (2) In terms of growth advantages, economic growth rate of planting industry in three northeastern provinces is slow, while animal husbandry economy has obvious advantages in sectoral growth and regional growth, and compared with national animal husbandry economy, northeast China has outstanding growth advantages and great development potential.(3) From the perspective of spatial pattern, in three northeastern provinces, 75% prefecture-level cities have comparative advantage in agriculture; 72% prefecture-level cities have sectoral growth advantages in animal husbandry, and their output growth rate is higher than China average level, with outstanding development advantages. Although the planting industry of three northeastern provinces has a strong comparative advantage in China, its output value growth rate is relatively slow. In order to promote agricultural development of major grain producing areas, we should accelerate development level of modern agriculture, improve the economic growth rate of planting industry, and promote comprehensive development of agriculture.