全球地理信息产业创新链结构分析

以地理信息产业为研究对象，使用授权发明专利数据，在地理信息产业链的基础上，提出产业创新链结构研究方法。进而，从总体结构角度和特定地域结构角度对创新链发展现状进行量化评估，对世界各国，特别是中国、美国和日本的创新链结构完整性和领先环节展开比较分析。结果表明：①从总体结构看，全球创新链因下游环节创新能力的弱势而呈“倒三角形”结构。从特定地域结构看，大多国家和地区的地理信息产业创新链并不完整，存在断环或孤环，除中国外的全球创新链因中游环节的相对弱势而使上下游间存在裂隙，呈上部宽、下部较窄，中部细窄的“沙漏形”结构；②相对而言，中国产业创新链较为完整，中游环节在全球市场中具有显著比较优势，但创新链的产学研合作薄弱，市场化程度低，技术竞争力与美国相比存在落差。

Research on structure of global geographic information industry innovation chain

This paper toke the geographic information industry as the research object, used the authorized invention patent data, and put forward the research method of industrial innovation chain structure on the basis of the geographic information industry chain. Furthermore, from the perspective of overall structure and specific regional structure, it quantitatively evaluated the development status of innovation chains, then compared and analyzed the structural integrity and leading links of the innovation chain in China, the United States and Japan. In terms of the overall structure, the global innovation chain has an "inverted triangle" structure due to the weak innovation capability of downstream links. From a specific geographical point of view, most countries and regions of the geographic information industry innovation chain is not complete, there are broken or isolated ring. The global innovation chain except China had a "hourglass-shaped" structure with wide upper part, narrow lower part and narrower middle part due to the relatively weak middle part. Relatively speaking, China's industrial innovation chain is more complete, and the mid-stream link has a significant comparative advantage in the global market. However, the industry-university-research cooperation in the innovation chain is weak, with a low degree of marketization, and the technological competitiveness lags behind that of the United States.