低温微生物的适冷特性研究进展及其应用前景

低温微生物是指在低温条件下具有生长能力的微生物,广泛分布于地球寒冷生境,如南北两极、高山、冰川、深海、土壤.低温微生物由于长期生活在寒冷环境中,在自然选择的作用下形成了一套与低温环境相适应的机制,并且在生态系统占有重要的地位和作用.对低温微生物进行研究不但可以进一步认识和理解微生物在低温环境、生命起源进化、生物适冷机制中的意义和作用,而且还可利用其特殊基因及产物服务于人类.简述了低温微生物的适冷特性研究进展及其在环境保护、食品、纺织、医药等多个领域中的开发应用前景.

Properties of Cold-adapted Microorganism and Their Application Prospects

Cold-adapted microorganism has successfully colonized at the lowest temperature,which is widely distributed in cold environment on our planet,including Polar Regions,alpine regions,glacial ice,deep sea and soils.Since living in the cold regions,cold-adapted microorganism has chronically developed a series of cold-adapted molecular mechanisms in the process of natural selection and plays an important role in eco-environment.Study on cold-adapted microorganism not only enable us to learn more about its significance and effects of microorganism,including cold environments,evolution of life,cold-adapted mechanism of organism,but also enable us to take advantage of its special gene and products.In this paper,the properties of cold-adapted microorganism and their application in the field of environment protection,food,textile,medical industry are reviewed.