20世纪90年代中国城市效率的时空变化

尝试采用DEA测评中国202个地级及其以上城市的效率,进而探索中国城市效率在1990~2000年间的时空变化,结果发现：目前中国城市效率较低,而且呈现与三大地带经济发展格局和城市行政等级相一致的空间格局。另外,进一步把城市效率分解为规模效率、利用效率和纯技术效率,发现中国城市的利用效率和纯技术效率普遍较高,但规模效率是影响中国城市效率空间格局和时空变化的主要因素;正是由于规模效率在1990~2000年的下降抵消了利用效率、纯技术效率上升所带来的影响,造成目前中国城市效率普遍较低。因此,从规模效率的角度看中国城市目前还具有很大的发展潜力。

Temporal and Spatial Changes of Urban Efficiency in the 1990s

Based on the data from 23 cities in 1983 and 1984, Charnes (1989) the first to employ DEA to evaluate the urban efficacy in China. Surprisingly, the corresponding Chinese literature has been in dark, even though scholars have highly recognized DEA and frequently used DEA in economic management and analysis. We, therefore, attempt to employ DEA to evaluate all the cities efficiency. Based on the data from 202 cities through 1990 to 2000, we find that the urban efficiency is relatively low, and diminishing from the east to the west, which coincides with the spatial pattern of economic development in China at present. Decomposing the urban efficiency into scale efficiency, congestion efficiency and pure technical efficiency, we further find it is the scale efficiency that determines the temporal and spatial patterns of urban efficiency. Specifically, both the congestion efficiency and the pure technical efficiency are high, and uniformly distributed across provinces. Scale efficiency, however, is low, and the principal factor among the three decompositions results in the low urban efficiency in China. The findings shed some highlights on how to implement the coordinated development of cities in China at present.