福建沿岸海域赤潮发生特点及防治措施

根据多年来福建沿岸海域发生赤潮的情况及相关资料，概述了该海域赤潮发生的主要趋势、时间、区域、种类和危害等特点，分析和讨论了赤潮发生的自然因素和人为因素；并指出赤潮防灾和减灾工作中存在的主要问题是海洋综合管理力量薄弱，海洋法律法规不够健全，海洋执法能力有待加强，海洋事业经费投入不足．在此基础上提出了防治福建沿岸海域赤潮灾害的如下措施和建议：进一步调查和研究赤潮发生的类型并分析其主要成因；建立健全福建省近岸海域环境监测网络和海洋环境监测系统，大力开展具有福建区域特色的赤潮生物及其有害赤潮发生机理等科学研究；控制陆源污染，减少含氮污染物的排放总量和入海量，提倡和推广使用农家肥，提高生活污水的处理效率；认真研究和分析港湾的环境容量，合理开发福建的海水养殖业；加强围填海等涉海工程对海水动力学影响的研究，以及加强对船舶压仓水等带来外来赤潮生物影响的研究等．

Characteristics of harmful algal bloom and its prevention in Fujian coastal waters

Based on the occurrences and data about HAB in Fujian coastal sea in recent years,this paper reviews and discusses the characteristics of HAB in Fujian such as occurring trend,time,species,region,etc,and analyzes the natural and artifical factors which might induce HAB.In this paper,the major problems are also pointed out in the work of HAB prevention and reduction.For example,integrated coastal management is enforced poorly;the laws and rules for marine management are unsound;the financial input for marine projects is limited.According to the problems summarized above,measures and advices are put forward: further investigations and researches on the main types of HAB and the reasons of HAB in Fujian should be made;the environmental monitoring networks in inshore sea in Fujian Province should be set up and consummated;scientific researches with local characteristics should be fully developed;terrestrial pollution should be controlled;the total emission volume of nitrogen pollutants and the total volume of nitrogen pollutants discharged into the sea should be deducted;farmyard manure should be promoted to use;disposal efficiency of sewage should be advanced;environmental capability for harbor should be studied further and fishery should be developed reasonably;the researches about the effects of enveloping and filling sea to seawater dynamics which related marine engineering should be promoted,as well as the exotic HAB species from the cabin seawater of foreign ships.