1961-2010年青海省人体舒适度指数时空分布特征

根据青海省50个气象观测站1961-2010年逐日气象资料, 对人体舒适度指数时空分布特征及其影响因子的权重进行了统计分析. 结果表明: 青海省人体舒适度主要为寒冷、冷、凉、凉爽和舒服等级, 整体呈现冷凉特征, 各区各等级年均日数分布差异较大. 青海省最不舒适的月份是1月份, 其次是12月; 最舒适的月份是7月, 其次是8月、6月. 1961-2010 年青海省人体舒适度指数上升趋势极显著, 与青藏高原气候变化趋势一致. 各区人体舒适度均呈显著上升趋势, 其中, 柴达木地区上升最明显; 春、秋季东部农业区和柴达木地区相似, 环青海湖地区和青南牧区相似, 各区秋季上升趋势均高于春季; 青南牧区各季人体舒适度年际波动幅度较大, 冬季环青海湖地区和青南牧区人体舒适度差异不大. 青海省人体舒适度季节差异明显, 夏季最高, 冬季最低, 春季略高于秋季, 近50 a来四季人体舒适度均呈显著上升趋势, 冬季波动幅度较大.温度(湿度、风速)与人体舒适度指数存在极显著的正(负)相关关系, 温度是影响人体舒适度指数的最主要因子, 风速和湿度主要通过温度影响人体舒适度指数, 且风速的负影响略大于湿度. 东部农业区和柴达木地区风速的负影响较大, 环青海湖地区和青南牧区相对湿度的负影响较大.

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics analysis of comfort of human body index in Qinghai Province from 1961 to 2010

Using the daily meteorological data observed by 50 stations in Qinghai Province from 1961 to 2010,are employed to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of Comfort of Human Body Index (I_CHB) and weights of factors. The results indicated that: (1) Main comfort degree in Qinghai are frigid, cold, cool, pleasantly cool and comfortable, it's overall character is cold and cool. There are large differences of average number of annul days in each region and degree. (2) January is the most uncomfortable month, followed by December while July is the most comfortable month, followed by August and June. (3) I_CHB increased significantly in Qinghai Province from 1961 to 2010, consistent with the climates change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. I_CHB of each region increased significantly, which Qaidam region increased the most significantly, the trend in Eastern agricultural region is the same as in Qaidam region in spring and autumn, Qinghai Lake region is similar to Qingnan Pastoral. Upward trend of autumn is higher than that of spring in each area. Inter-annual fluctuation range of I_CHB is large in each season in Qingnan Pastoral. I_CHB in Qinghai Lake region is similar to Qingnan Pastoral in winter. (4) Seasonal differences of I_CHB are significant. Summer is the highest and winter is the lowest, spring is slightly higher than autumn. I_CHB of each season in recent 50 a increased significantly. The fluctuation range is larger in winter. (5) Temperature is positively correlated with I_CHB while humidity and wind speed is negative with it. Temperature is the main factor affect the I_CHB, wind speed and humidity effect the I_CHB by temperature, and influence of wind speed is larger than humidity. The greater negative impact factors in Eastern agricultural region and Qaidam region is wind speed, while in Qinghai-Lake region and Qingnan Pastoral is humidity.