国际金融危机空间过程和区域响应的初探——兼论新经济地理事像研究的一个新范式

国际金融危机是地域空间上发生、空间拓展及区域响应过程非常迅速的新经济地理事像,探究其在特定地点发生的机制、区域影响的空间拓展过程、区域受损响应的规律及长期区域对策,是经济地理学的一个新命题。鉴于金融危机事像成因和演变的经济属性强、空间过程和区域响应的经济驱动机理显著,尝试采用"微观经济—宏观经济—区域经济"一个新的研究范式进行探讨。从微观虚拟经济企业对利润的无限追求－宏观虚拟经济与实体经济的价值脱节和政府监控不到位－特定区域金融危机的爆发,发达国家微观企业产业组织－宏观国际产业链分工－金融危机的空间扩散,微观消费者边际效用损失的差异和灾变点的存在－宏观实体经济和虚拟经济对自然资源和人力资本的依赖以及经济的可恢复能力－区域金融危机的差异化响应等方面,初步探讨了金融危机的空间过程,提出了"1元≠1元"的经济地理损失效应判断,据此探讨了差异化的区域响应规律,得出以资源环境为代价换取经济增长、生活相对不富裕的地域在金融危机中受损程度可能更大的初步结论,提出了现代服务业据点式突破在空间结构组织上具有可能的研究假设。最后,就提高经济增长的人力资本贡献度、提升内需的拉动作用等应对全球化风险的长期策略进行了阐释。

Ananalysisofspatialprocessandregionalresponseofinternationalfinancialcrisisbasedonaneweconomicgeographicalmode:"Microeconomy-Macroeconomy-RegionalEconomy"approachforneweconomicgeographyphenomenon

The international financial crisis (IFC) is a new economic geography phenomenon that happens suddenly in some areas with rapid spatial expansion and fast regional response. The study of the forming mechanism of IFC in specific places, the spatial expanding process of IFC, and the regional response rule is a new proposition of economic geography research. In view of the strong economic attributes of causes and evolution of IFC and the significant economy-driven effect of spatial process and regional response, this paper puts forward the research mode of "Microeconomy - Macroeconomy - Regional Economy." Based on this mode, the process of the micro unlimited pursuit of fictitious-economy-based enterprises for profit--the macro separation between fictitious economy and real economy and the macro insufficient monitoring of government--the regional occurrence of IFC in specific places is analyzed, the process of the micro adjustment of the enterprises' industrial organization in developed countries--the macro formation of international division of labour founded on industrial chains--the regional (spatial) expansion of IFC is explored, and the micro marginal utility change of consumer and the existence of catastrophe point--the macro dependence of fictitious economy and real economy on natural resources and human capital and the macro recoverable power of each kind of economy--the regional response of IFC is discussed. Accordingly, this paper addressed the four-stage spatial expansion process of IFC, and put forward the judgment of the existence of the phenomenon that "1 yuan RMB ≠ 1 yuan RMB" in different regions. Moreover, based on the analysis of regional response of IFC, this paper obtained a primary conclusion that the regions with their people in great poverty and with economic growth depending on natural resources and environment suffer more damages from IFC. The spatial expansion of IFC has not only verified several important classical theories of economic geography, but also offered a new assumption for further study, namely it may be possible in spatial structure organization for modern service industry to make a stronghold breaking through in some places. Finally, the long-term strategies to entreat the risk of globalization, such as improving the contribution of human capital to industrial development, and promoting the pulling function of domestic demand to economic growth were discussed.