全国基准产业集群识别及在区域经济分析中的应用——以北京市为例

全国基准产业集群反映一国产业技术经济联系的一般特征,可以作为模板应用于区域集群分析。本研究首次识别我国基准产业集群,为我国的区域集群实证研究提供集群模板。以识别的基准产业集群为模板,本研究分析了北京市制造业集群的发展现状,并以北京市电子及通信设备制造业集群为例分析了该集群的组成结构及空间布局。分析发现,北京市目前已形成三个规模较大,并具有区域专业化优势的制造业集群:电子及通信设备制造、汽车及装备制造和电子元器件制造业集群。北京市电子及通信设备制造业集群的优势环节是通信设备制造和其他通信、电子设备制造业,其配套产业环节电子元器件和其他电气机械及器材制造业仍相对较弱。在空间上,北京市电子及通信设备制造业集群主要分布在城市近郊地区,朝阳、海淀、大兴区是集群环节配套较为完善的区域。

Identification of National Benchmark Industrial Clusters and their application to regional economic analysis:A case study of Beijing

This study identifies the national benchmark industrial clusters,including both manufacturing and non-manufacturing clusters,using the 2002 national input-output table of China.A set of 22 industrial clusters are derived through combining an algorithm for defining a strength-of-linkage measure for all pairs of input-output sectors with application of a standard clustering algorithm.The national benchmark industrial clusters can be used as cluster templates in subsequent regional analysis.In this study,the template clusters are used to analyze the manufacturing sector of Beijing,and particular attention is focused on the electronic and telecommunication equipment cluster of Beijing.We find that there are three relatively large and highly specialized manufacturing clusters in Beijing,which are electronic and telecommunication equipment cluster,motor vehicles and equipment cluster,and electronic component and device cluster.For the electronic and telecommunication equipment cluster,Beijing is highly specialized in telecommunication equipment production and other electronic and telecommunication equipment production sectors.The spatial analysis shows that the electronic and telecommunication equipment cluster of Beijing is highly concentrated in the suburban area,mostly in Chaoyang,Haidian and Daxing districts.